Carbon Cycle
Plants take in (c) and release (d).
a and d: oxygen
b and c: carbon dioxide
Write another possible name for each.
a) Trophic Level 1
b) Trophic Level 2
c) Trophic Level 3
a) Producer
b) Primary Consumer, Herbivore
c) Secondary Consumer, Omnivore, Carnivore
(answers may vary)
Does population increase or decrease as you move up the energy pyramid?
Decrease
Name the relationship.
Dodders contain modified roots called haustoria which connect to the host xylem or phloem and drain it of nutrients and water.
Parasitism
Name three characteristics of invasive species.
(Not just traits of invasive plant species)
•Have few natural predators, competitors, parasites or diseases
• Have high reproductive rates
• Are long-lived
• Are generalists
• Are pioneer species
Name ONE function of leaves.
-Trap light energy for photosynthesis
-Producing sugar from photosynthesis
-Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
Arrows in a food web always point in the direction of ____________.
Energy Flow/Energy Transfer
Does Energy increase or decrease as you move up the energy pyramid?
Decrease
Name the relationship.
The burdock plant produces spiny seeds that cling to the fur of animals or clothing of humans. The plants rely on this method of seed dispersal for reproduction, while the animals are unaffected.
Commensalism
What makes Japanese stilt grass a successful invader?
List one example we talked about in class.
• It can become established and live in a wide
variety of habitats.
• Each plant produces hundreds of seeds that
can remain viable in the seed bank for upward
of five years.
• Seed can be transported long distances by
water or contaminated hay, seed mix and soil.
• Plants also reproduce asexually. They form
roots at the nodes, which allows for new
vegetative stem growth.
• People can spread stilt grass by carrying the
seeds on their shoes, equipment and vehicles.
a) What is photosynthesis?
b) What is the formula for photosynthesis?
a) The process by which plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from water and CO2.
b) 6CO2+6H20 --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
or Carbon dioxide+water --> glucose+oxygen
Draw a food web with at least 6 organisms.
Bring your final food web to me.
Answers vary.
How do the primary producers get energy?
The sun!! Photosynthesis
Name the relationship.
The Nile crocodile is well-known for being hyper-aggressive whenever an uninvited visitor steps into their territory. Incredibly, the Egyptian Plover aka “Crocodile Bird” will fly into the crocodile’s open mouth and feed upon the decomposing meat stuck between their teeth. The plover gets a not-so-scrumptious meal while the crocodile gets a little free dental work!
Mutualism
What makes garlic mustard a successful invader?
(List one example discussed in class)
• It can germinate in shade.
• Is capable of ballistic seed dispersal of
up to 10 feet.
• Its seeds lie dormant for up to 6 years.
• Its seed spread by animals and water.
• It forms spreading monocultures.
• It is allelopathic, meaning it produces
chemicals that inhibit the growth of
other plants.
a) What is global warming?
b) Name one cause of global warming.
a) Too much carbon in the air resulting in trapped heat
b) volcano eruptions, burning fossil fuels, deforestation
What is the name of an organism that eats a secondary consumer?
Tertiary Consumer
a) About what percent of energy is transferred at each level of the energy pyramid?
b) What happens to the rest of the energy?
a) 10%
b) The rest of the energy is used to carry out life processes or lost to the environment (heat or undigested by the consumer)
Name the relationship.
A pride of lions attacking a larger animal, such as an elephant or wildebeest.
Predation
What is one thing YOU can do to limit the spread of invasive species?
• When boating, clean your boat thoroughly before transporting it to a different body of water.
• Clean your boots before you hike in a new area to get rid of hitchhiking weed seeds and pathogens.
• Don’t move firewood (it can harbor forest pests like emerald ash borer).
• Don't release aquarium fish and plants, live bait or other exotic animals into the wild. If you plan to own an exotic pet, do your research and plan ahead to make sure you can commit to looking after it.
• Volunteer at your local park, refuge or other wildlife area to help remove invasive species. Help educate others about the threat.
• Stay educated about emerging threats to native flora and fauna so that you can be as aware as possible about how to help combat these pests.
• Report sightings of emergent species to the proper authorities to help monitor their spread and/or control efforts.