Individuals
An individual's genetic contribution to future generations, often measured by # of offspring or seeds.
Fitness
Net reproductive rate, the mean number of offspring an individual produces in its lifetime.
Ro
the variety of life on earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, and can encompass the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural processes that
sustain life
Biodiversity
organisms, their interactions, and their physical environment
Ecosystem
A statement describing how we think nature works. Includes null & alternative.
Hypothesis
Individuals do not get to reproduce equally. Some are removed and do not contribute to the next generation. What is this called?
Differential reproduction
______ are the number of completed life cycles per year
life histories
Mapping all interactions of an entire community across trophic levels
Food Web
List 3 macronutrients
N, P, K (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium)
Allogenic Engineer
______ leaves are adapted to very dry environments, ______ leaves are adapted to very wet environments
xerophytic, hydrophytic
______ is the amount of the harvested resource, ______ is the part of the population that is harvestable
yield, stock
Progression of indirect effects on successively lower trophic levels
Trophic Cascades
excess nutrients in a body of water that results in rapid change
eutrophication
This quote describes what? "External constraint that limits the rate of dry matter production of all or part of the vegetation on a site, excluding those forces that directly remove biomass"
Stress (on vegetation)
______ are traits that increase fitness in a certain environment. Without this trait, we would expect fitness to be lower.
Adaptations
What type of survivorship curve would a frog have?
Type III
A directional change away from an initial state through time
Succession
These produce toxins and anoxic conditions that kill fish
Harmfal Algal Blooms
List 2 ways that nitrogen is mineralized in soil
bacteria, lightning
________ are genetically distinct populations of the same species adapted to different environmental conditions.
Ecotypes
________ is the reproductive strategy where an individual reproduces one time
________ is the reproductive strategy where an individaal reproduces multiple times
semelparous, iteroparous
Name the 3 types of species interactions
facilitation, inhibition, commensalism
What are these? 1. Species follow gradients in the environment, 2. Microclimates 3. Patches (aka habitat fragmentation, or meta populations)
The 3 foundations of landscape ecology
_________ is the type of ________ where pathways for ecosystem collapse and recovery differ
hysteresis, threshold response