Characteristics of Life
Food Webs/Energy Pyramid
Ecosystems 1
Ecosystems 2
Species Interactions
100
Name 3 characteristics of life
- grow and develop
- cellular organization
- obtain and use energy
- reproduce
- respond to environment
- maintain homeostasis
100
1. A ___ is an organism that feeds only on producers or plants
2. A _____is an organism that feeds on both plants and animals
1. herbivore
2. omnivore
100
If a food chain begins with 4500 kcals of available energy, list how much energy is available in each trophic level 1 - 4.
1: 4500
2: 450
3: 45
4: 4.5
100
A chain of events that occurs when a change in the food web affects other levels
trophic cascade
100
_______ are external and do not enter the hosts body
_______ are internal and live inside the hosts body
1. ectoparasites
2. endoparasites
200
Living things that are made of one cell are called____
Living things made of more than one cell are called __
unicellular
multicellular
200
1. Plants use energy from the sun to create their own food. This process is _______
2. Certain bacteria use heat from hydrothermal ocean floor vents or chemicals from ocean seeps to create their own food. This process is _________
1. photosynthesis
2. chemosynthesis
200
List the ecological levels of organization (in order from smallest to largest)
word bank:
community, organism, ecosystem, population, biosphere
organism / individual
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere
200
A limiting factor is something that limits the growth of a population. List a limiting factor found in Yellowstone National park
(various answers)
200
Butterflies gather nectar from flowers and simultaneously help the flowers spread their pollen. What type of species interaction is this?
mutualism
300
Explain how multicellular organisms grow...in other words, what do their cells do?
increase in #
they make more cells
300
Producers are located at the bottom of an energy pyramid and have 100% of available energy. How much energy does the 3rd trophic level have?
1%
300
____ factors in an ecosystem are living things while ____ factors are nonliving.
biotic
abiotic
300
In a parasitic interaction, the species that benefits is the ______ and the species that is harmed is known as the _______
parasite
host
300
Leeches attach themselves to hosts and to feed on their host's blood. What type of interaction is this ?
parasitism
400
Wyatt forgot to eat breakfast and his stomach is rumbling. What is the stimulus and what is the response in this situation?
stimulus : empty stomach/haven't eaten
respond : stomach rumbles
400
Put the following in order from the bottom of the food chain to the top.
secondary consumer , primary consumer, tertiary consumer, producer
producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer
400
What ecological level of organization is this?
various populations of different species living in the same area
community
400
_____ are skills or traits that prey have to help them avoid being captured
adaptations
400
Cattle egrets follow Cape Buffalo around and eat the insects that fly out of the grass when the buffalo walk. What type of interaction is this ?
Commensalism
500
_________ (a stable environment) must be maintained for cells to be able to function properly and keep the organism alive
homeostasis
500
If the grass creates 500 kcals of energy, how much is available to the snake?
0.5 kcals
500
Label each example according to its level of ecological organization.
1. a Masai giraffe
2. all of the Masai giraffes, elephants, grasses, and mosquitos in the African savanna
3. all living and non living things in the African savanna
4. all of the Masai giraffes in the African savanna
1. individual / organism
2. community
3. ecosystem
4. population
500
Give the symbols for each species interaction:
1. predation
2. parasitism
3. competition
4. mutualism
5. commensalism
1. + / -
2. + / -
3. - / -
4. + / +
5. + / 0
500
Climbing vines in the rainforest use trees as ladders to grow taller and get as much sunlight as possible. What type of interaction is going on between the vines and other plants trying to get sunlight?
competition