A
What is the main characteristic of the government under the Malolos Republic?
Check executive power through the separation of functions
Political party formed during Quezon's time who lay in their criticism of the Nacionalistas’ “maladministration,” combined with a comprehensive rural and urban political program.
Partido Sakdalista
First nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the Philippines, set up by Magsaysay’s private-sector supporters. Give one.
Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement (PRRM) and the Philippine Rural Improvement Society (PRIS)
Give three requirements to run for the legislative branch during the American period
Qualifications: Male; 23 y.o. and above; residence; speak English/own property/held local positions in the past
In the early American Period, what were the limitations of the legislative branch? Give two.
-Local governments were never entrusted with important branches of the service or utilized by the insular authorities as local agents.
-Education, constabulary, forests, mines, lands and posts were committed to the insular bureaus with headquarters in Manila and representatives in all parts of the islands
- The tax system was also centralized, meaning that revenues flowed in the direction of the Manila-based insular treasury.
Why did Americans introduce Public Education in the Philippines according to the author of our text?
They need literate Filipinos to help them rule (Most of them are dismissed from US military and their numbers are dwindling)
How did Quezon and Osmena beat Leonard Wood in politics?
He died.
During the early Marcos Sr. admin, this legislation encouraged investors of foreign capital to participate in domestic industrial development and to use the country as a base for export production
1967 Investment Incentives Act
Established on November 31, 1900, with the mandate that the “greatest care should be taken in the selection of officials for civil administration
Bureau of Civil Service
Who is the first president to attempt national development planning?
Diosdado Macapagal
An agency established by Macapagal charged with creating and implementing a comprehensive national economic development plan
Program Implementation Agency (PIA)
What was the main economic strategy of the Quirino Administration?
Import Substitution
What was the main economic agenda of the Ramos administration?
Liberalization
An international fraternal order that originated in Europe and first appeared in the Philippines in the 1880s that led to the Propaganda Movement
Freemasons
What was the historic economic achievement of Quirino's government and how was he able to achieve it?
First Fiscal Surplus in the Philippines because of Tax Reform
Who was the first president elected where the requirement of educational attainment was removed?
Manuel Roxas
With war and negotiation ongoing, Aguinaldo declared this republic on November 1, 1897.
The new republic was to have a constitution (borrowed from Cuba), supreme council, and centralized government, but instead, the revolutionary leadership accepted a truce and exile in Hong Kong.
Biak-na-Bato Republic
What did the Commonwealth Constitution do regarding elections?
Removed property and gender as restrictions to vote
What happened to our tax system during the American Rule?
Retained the cedula and rejected the proposal to tax inheritances/corporations
State two economic features of the 1987 Constitution
-Party-list system introduced
-“Pork barrel”
- Mandated an agrarian land reform
Magsaysay created this agency to deliver government assistance to farmers. Revived by Marcos Sr.
Presidential Assistant for Community Development (PACD)
Democrat Governor General who with the goal of “Filipinization” of the colonial state, curtailed American executive power by cutting executive salaries so that resignations will be encouraged.
Francis Burton Harrison
What did PGMA do to address the fiscal crisis during her term?
VAT increased from 10 to 12%
System where politicians distributed offices to relatives or friends who will then protect the business interests of that patron
Spoils System/Padrino System
Policy demanded by the Americans from Roxas which liberalized the economic policy of the Philippines in favor of American goods and businesses
Bell Trade Act of 1946
How did Osmena dispel the criticisms about the corruption scandal with PNB?
Osmeña disarmed American critics of the PNB scandal by labeling them “anti-Filipino” and used nationalism to justify putting Filipinos (his supporters) into leadership positions
Why did land reform fail during the American Period?
No support services so many of them resold their land creating new landlords
What was the weakness of land reform during Cory's time?
No budget to buy the land immediately from landlords which slowed down the process
Refers to the legislative branch of government during the American period that provided Filipino elites to run for higher office in government
Philippine Assembly
What was happening all over the world that helped Marcos Sr. get away from issues in his agri programs in his early term?
Green Revolution
Law that mirrored the Philippine legislative branch to that of America
Jones Law
Why did Magsaysay's land reform fail?
Exemption for Sugar Barons
The BSP independence was institutionalized during Ramos time. What law threatened this independence and why?
Maharlika Investment Funds Law. It controls the dividends of BSP.
Law passed by Quezon and Osmena that increased the economic protection from American imports in 1902
Philippine Tariff Act
Title of Marcos Sr's agri program which borrowed $87 million from 420 rural banks, 102 branches of the Philippine National Bank and 25 offices of the Agricultural Credit Administration” to purchase three hectare (7.5-acre) plots and agricultural inputs
Masagana '99
Political party that is committed to Philippine autonomy under the American colonial mantle, although most of its leaders privately hoped for the Philippines’ annexation to the United States
Federalista Party