Resources
This term names materials from nature that people use, such as soil, water, forests, and fossil fuels.
Natural resources
Which level of economic activity involves fishing, farming, forestry, and mining?
Primary.
Name two criteria societies often consider when deciding how to use a resource.
Examples: economic benefit, environmental impact, sustainability, social/community benefit, ethical considerations, cultural support. (Any two)
What single word describes increasing connectedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies?
Globalization.
List two demographic indicators often higher in developed countries than in developing countries.
Examples: higher life expectancy, higher literacy rate, higher per capita GDP, lower birth and death rates. (Any two)
Give an example of a renewable natural resource and an example of a nonrenewable natural resource.
Example: renewable — forests; nonrenewable — petroleum (or coal).
Which level involves manufacturing and processing, like steel mills or automobile assembly?
Secondary.
What does sustainability mean in the context of resource use?
Sustainability: meeting current needs without compromising resources for future generations.
Name two technologies or systems that have increased global trade and communication.
Examples: modern transportation networks (shipping, air freight), telecommunications (Zoom, internet), e-commerce platforms.
What does GDP per capita measure and why is it used when comparing countries? (1–2 sentences)
GDP per capita measures the average economic output per person and helps compare average income/wealth between countries
These are people who work to produce goods and services; name two characteristics used to describe human resources.
Examples: education level; skilled vs. unskilled labor; entrepreneurial/managerial ability.
Define "comparative advantage" in one sentence.
Comparative advantage: the ability to produce goods or services at lower relative cost than other countries.
Give one intended and one unintended consequence of building a large dam for hydroelectric power.
Intended: increased electricity and jobs; Unintended: displacement of communities, altered fish habitats and sediment changes.
Explain how international product assembly (parts made in multiple countries) demonstrates globalization. (1–2 sentences)
Parts made in different countries and assembled elsewhere shows specialization and international trade in production stages.
Describe two characteristics commonly found in developing countries' population pyramids.
Developing pyramids often have wide bases (high birth rates) and narrow tops (lower life expectancy), indicating a large young population.
Name three examples of capital resources that help a country produce more goods and services.
Examples: money for investment, infrastructure (roads/ports), machines and technology.
Match each economic activity to its level: a) legal services, b) sawmill, c) retail trade, d) information processing.
a) Quaternary (legal services) or Tertiary/Quaternary depending on info focus — accept Quaternary for information/legal/financial; b) Secondary (sawmill); c) Tertiary (retail trade); d) Quaternary (information processing).
Describe an ethical concern and an environmental concern that could arise from mining operations.
Ethical concern: unsafe working conditions or displacement of people; Environmental concern: pollution, habitat destruction, water contamination.
Define "supply-chain management" in one sentence.
Supply-chain management is the process of managing how goods move from raw materials through production and distribution to final consumers.
Compare (in 2–3 sentences) how standard of living and form of government might differ between a developed and a developing country.
Developed countries often have higher standards of living (better healthcare, education), more urban populations, and governments that may be more stable or have greater personal freedoms; developing countries often have lower per capita income, less access to services, and different government capacity.
Explain (in 1–2 sentences) why no country has all the resources it needs and one common consequence of that reality.
Because resources are unevenly distributed geographically, countries lack some needed resources; one consequence is trade and interdependence (importing/exporting) or conflict over resources.
Describe how location (access to a natural resource) can determine the type of industry a region develops (use a short example).
Example answer: Regions with forests often locate logging and sawmills nearby because transporting raw timber is costly; so location of forests leads to local timber industries.
Describe one way a supply-chain disruption (like a pandemic or war) can affect consumers in another country. (1–2 sentences)
Best criteria: economic benefit (jobs/income) and environmental impact/sustainability (preserve fisheries/wetlands); leaders should weigh short-term jobs against long-term ecosystem services and community livelihoods.
Describe one way a supply-chain disruption (like a pandemic or war) can affect consumers in another country. (1–2 sentences)
Example: A disruption can make items scarce and raise prices globally (e.g., shortage of electronics components making devices more expensive and harder to buy).
Given a short data set (choose one): Country A — high literacy, low birth rate, high urban population; Country B — low literacy, high birth rate, mostly rural. Use the data to identify which country is likely more developed and explain TWO reasons using demographic evidence.
Country A is likely more developed because high literacy, low birth rate, and high urbanization indicate better education, healthcare, and economic structure supporting higher standards of living.