1
2
3
4
5
100
Based on the food web, what is the total number of organisms that eat primary consumers?
3
100
Bermuda grass is an invasive species of grass that originates from Africa, Asia, and parts of Australia. It was introduced to the United States for use in lawns, pastures, and erosion control. However, it has spread rapidly and become invasive, which allows it to outcompete native species for resources like sunlight, water, and nutrients.
Which population change is most likely to occur due to the introduction of Bermuda grass?
a.The population of native grasses will increase.
b.The population of native grasses will decrease.
c.The population of native grasses will remain unchanged.
d.The population of native grasses will develop traits like those of Bermuda grass.
B
100
A partial food web of the Lavaca Bay ecosystem in Texas is shown.
Which populations would most likely decrease if disease reduced the hermit crab population?
Swamp sparrow and blue crab
100
A wildfire destroys vegetation in a forest, but the soil remains intact. In the months that follow, grasses, shrubs, and young trees grow. Describe ecological succession after the wildfire
Secondary succession occurs, and species diversity increases.
100
Which statement accurately describes the effect of ecological succession on biodiversity?
a.Ecological succession increases the number and diversity of species in an area.
b.Ecological succession decreases the number and diversity of species in an area.
c.Ecological succession stabilizes an area by limiting the number of species present.
d.Ecological succession results in a uniform environment that supports only a few species.
a.Ecological succession increases the number and diversity of species in an area.
200
Coral and parrotfish interact and depend on each other in a coral reef ecosystem. Parrotfish graze on algae, which can overgrow and harm coral health. By controlling algae growth, parrotfish help maintain a healthy coral ecosystem. In turn, coral provides habitat for parrotfish and serves as a food source through the algae that grow on coral. Both organisms rely on stable ocean conditions, including a pH range of 7.8 to 8.5.
Which statement describes how parrotfish and coral depend on each other for biotic and abiotic factors?
a.Coral depend on parrotfish for space, while parrotfish depend on coral for food.
b.Parrotfish depend on coral to regulate pH levels, while coral depend on parrotfish for space.
c.Coral depend on parrotfish for stable ocean waters, while parrotfish depend on coral for sunlight.
d.Parrotfish depend on coral for food and space, while coral depend on parrotfish to regulate algal growth.
D
200
Which statement accurately describes biodiversity in an ecosystem?
a.Biodiversity increases the number of pathways for matter and energy to flow within an ecosystem.
b.Biodiversity leads to a fewer number of species and a less sustainable ecosystem.
c.Biodiversity reduces the number of pathways for matter and energy to flow within an ecosystem.
d.Biodiversity results in an ecosystem with more consumers than producers.
A
200
An outdoor pond is being overrun by algae and phytoplankton growth due to high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen runoff. This excess plant growth in the water is decreasing the oxygen levels in the pond.
Which statement below best describes the future of the pond if the algae and phytoplankton populations continue to increase?
a.The fish populations in the pond will decrease.
b.The number of plants around the pond will increase.
c.The water level will rise, and the pond will become deeper.
d.The number of bacteria found in the pond will decrease.
A
200
Students list characteristics of primary and secondary succession in the table below. Correctly label each characteristic based on the type of succession it describes.
Repopulation of an area that begins with soil
The initial colonization of an area that begins with bare rock
Pioneer species include lichens and mosses
Occurs after a natural event such as a forest fire
S
P
P
S
200
Overfishing is causing fish populations to decrease, such as the Atlantic bluefin tuna, which has been severely depleted due to its high demand in sushi and sushi markets. Atlantic bluefin tuna are being caught at a faster rate than they can reproduce. Describes the most likely effect of overfishing on the stability of this ecosystem
Overfishing decreases the stability of the ecosystem by disrupting food chains.
300
Texas horned lizards are found in the western part of Texas. They eat grasshoppers and ants, which are consumers of nearby grasses. Some predators of Texas horned lizards include the cottonmouth snake and hawk. The hawk is also a predator of the cottonmouth snake.
Draw an energy food web for this ecosystem
300
What is primary succession?
Primary succession begins with bare rock and takes longer than secondary succession.
300
Students went on a field trip and visited three ecosystems. They recorded their observations
Urban park
There is a patch of grass with a few oak and maple trees. The trees provide shade and habitat for birds, while squirrels forage for acorns. Pigeons and sparrows can be seen feeding on seeds and insects in the grass.
Community garden
The colorful garden features a variety of plants, including flowering plants, herbs, and vegetables. Various pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, are present, while birds and mammals forage for insects and seeds. The rich soil supports diverse organisms, and composting practices enhance nutrient cycling.
Coastal tidal pool
A rocky tide pool is filled with marine life, including sea stars, anemones, crabs, and colorful algae. The water provides habitat for small fish and other marine organisms. Sandpipers and gulls hunt for food, while nutrient-rich currents bring in plankton that feed small fish.
Which ecosystem is least sustainable and diverse?
300
In a riverbank ecosystem, there are many different types of plants, including those with short roots and those with long roots. When heavy rain and thunderstorms occur, plants with short roots are more likely to be uprooted than those with long roots
Which effect on the plants will most likely result from a year with more heavy rain and thunderstorms than normal? Which plant will increase?
The population of plants with long roots will increase because they stay anchored in the soil.
300
Which question is the most relevant when studying biodiversity in ecosystems?
a.Why is there no soil present in this ecosystem?
b.What caused the natural disaster that destroyed the previous ecosystem?
c.How many different types of organisms are present in this ecosystem?
d.What type of soil is found in this ecosystem?
c.How many different types of organisms are present in this ecosystem?
400
All the different populations of species that live together in the same ecosystem is a _____________.
community.
400
What is a climax community?
A mature ecosystem that consists of well-established trees.
400
A grassland food web is shown.
Based on this food web, which organisms receive the least amount of energy from the sun?
Lizards, hawks, snakes
400
Which change would most likely cause a decrease in the Organism T population?
A decrease in the Organism X or Y population
400
What is an example of primary succession AND why does species diversity take a long time to develop?
Volcanic eruption, something that removes soil completely. Takes a long time to break down bare rock
500
A food web representing the flow of energy in an ecosystem is shown.
Based on the food web, which organisms would Organism C most likely compete with for food sources? PICK 4
B, G, F, H
500
Feral hogs, also known as wild pigs or wild boars, are an invasive species in Texas, descended from domesticated pigs that escaped or were released into the wild. Originating in Europe and Asia, these omnivores have adapted to their new environment and now consume a wide variety of foods, including native plants, crops, and small animals. Their presence can threaten local ecosystems by competing with native species for food and resources.
hich native organisms are most likely to compete with feral hogs for food sources?
Select TWO correct answers.
a. Decomposers
b. Producers
c.Herbivores
d.Carnivores
e.Insectivores
C and D
500
The food webs below represent the flow of energy in two different ecosystems.
Which ecosystem is most likely to be sustainable?
Ecosystem B, because it has more species
500
A marine energy pyramid is shown. The producers receive 10,000 kJ of energy from the sun.
how much energy would primary consumers receive?
1,000