10.5 Cycles of Matter and 10.6 Changes in Communities
100
What is a habitat?
A habitat is an environment that provides the things the organism needs to live, grow, and reproduce.
100
What is immigration and emigration?
Immigration is moving into a population, and emigration is leaving a population.
100
What is an energy pyramid?
An energy pyramid is a diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web.
100
What is natural selection?
A process by which characteristics that make an individual better suited to its environment become more common in a species.
100
What is succession?
Succession is the series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time.
200
What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors?
Biotic factors are the living parts of a habitat, while the abiotic factors are the nonliving parts.
200
What is a carrying capacity?
A carrying capacity is the largest population that an area can support.
200
What is a scavenger?
A scavenger is a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms.
200
What is an adaptation?
The behaviors and physical characteristics that allow organisms to live successfully in their environments.
200
What three processes are involved in the water cycle?
The processes of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation make up the water cycle.
300
What is ecology?
The study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment is called ecology.
300
What is the main way a new individual can join a population? What is the main way for it to leave?
The main way in which a new individual joins a population is by being born into it. The main way that individuals leave a population is by dying.
300
What are the three energy roles an organism can fill? How do each of them get energy?
The three energy roles are producers, consumers, and decomposers. An organism that can make its own food is a producer. An organism that obtains energy by feeding on others is a consumer. A decomposer breaks down wastes and dead organisms and return the raw materials to the ecosystem.
300
What is an organism's niche? What is one thing a niche includes?
A niche is the role of an organism in its habitat, or how it makes its living. A niche includes the type of food the organism eats, how it obtains its food, and which other organisms use the organism as food. It also includes when and how the organism reproduces and the physical conditions it requires to survive. (Just one)
300
Which two cycles are linked by recycling?
The processes by which carbon and oxygen are recycled are linked.
400
List 5 abioitic factors.
5 abiotic factors include water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, and soil.
400
If birth and immigration rate is higher than the death and emigration rate, what happens?
The population increases.
400
What happens to the amount of energy as you go up the pyramid?
The most amount of energy is available at the producer level of the pyramid. As you move up, each level has less energy available than the level below it.
400
What are the three major types of interactions among organisms? Define each one.
The three major types of interactions are competition, predation, and symbiosis. Competition is the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resource. An interaction where one organism kills another for food is predation. Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species that benefits at least one if the species.
400
What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?
In primary succession, the series of changes occur in an area where no soil or organisms exist. During secondary succession, even though the ecosystem has been disturbed, the soil and organisms still exist.
500
List the levels of organization in order from smallest to largest, and describe what each of them includes.
The smallest level of organization is a single ORGANISM, which belongs to a POPULATION that includes other members of its species. The population belongs to a COMMUNITY of different species. The community and abiotic factors together form an ECOSYSTEM.
500
What is a limiting factor, and what are 6 limiting factors?
A limiting factor is an environmental factor that causes population to stop growing. 6 examples include food, water, space, light, soil, and weather.
500
What is the difference between a food web and a food chain? Which one is the more accurate representation of a food web and why?
A food chain is a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy. A food web consists of the many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem. A food web is more accurately used to represent an ecosystem because it gives more detail, and organisms can eat many different organisms. There are many overlaps.
500
What are the three types of symbiosis? How does it affect both species?
Mutualism is a relationship in which both species benefit. A relationship where one species benefits and the other species is neither helped nor harmed is called commensalism. Parasitism involves one organism, the parasite, living on or inside another organism, the host, and harming it.
500
What is the nitrogen cycle? What is nitrogen fixation?
In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen moves from the air to the soil, into living things, and back into the air. Nitrogen fixation is the process of changing free nitrogen into a usable form of nitrogen.