Natural Ecosystems
Sustainability
Natural & Human Impacts
Glossary
Chapter review
100
List the 3 main components of any ecosystem
The living organisms the physical surroundings and all the living and non-living factors that make up the environment
100
Name the term used for organisms that eat food?
Consumers
100
List some ways in which drought and floods affect ecosystems
Drought: death, migration, erosion of soil by wind Flood: death, erosion of soil, rapid animal plant population increases in drier places
100
What is the term for a non-living factor of the environment?
Abiotic factor
100
Where organisms live together and both benefit from the relationship, the interaction is classified as
Mutualism
200
List 5 different types of relationships between organisms
Competition Predation Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism
200
What are organisms that break down dead bodies and wastes, and recycle material for the producers to resuse
Decomposers
200
Give an example of habitat destruction
Land clearing for housing, logging and mining
200
what is the term for a living factor of the environment
Biotic factor
200
A community consists of:
all the organisms in an ecosystem
300
What does behavioural adaptation mean?
is a feature of an organism's habits, actions or way of life that helps it.
300
What is the term used for managing and protecting ecosystems so they continue to exist?
Conservation
300
What is an example of damage to an ecosystem caused by chemical particles?
DDT: killing many predatory birds like eagles
300
What is the definition for Biodiversity?
The range of different species in a community
300
Choose which of the following best describes what ecologists study. A interactions between organisms that affect their survival B a list of the organisms in a community and their abiotic surroundings C the biotic and abiotic factors in a habitat that affect survival D the interactions between organisms and their non-living surroundings
D the interactions between organisms and their non-living surroundings
400
compare a community with an ecosystem
A community is part of an ecosystem
400
Explain why photosynthesis is so important to ecosystems?
It is the process that produces most of the food in nearly all ecosystems
400
Explain how drought could lead to damage to the soil?
Plants die and so the soil is not held together by the trees roots. The soil can therefore be eroded by wind or water.
400
What is the difference between a food web and a food chain
Food web: all the linked food chains in an ecosystem Food chain: a sequence of organisms feeding on each other
400
Some materials can be harmful to the organisms in the food web. Which of the following explains why DDT is particularly dangerous in food webs?
It accumulates and concentrates while passing along a food chain
500
Identify which of the following is a structural adaptation of a kangaroo. A On very hot days it licks its forearms to allow them to cool by evaporation. B It hides in caves or under trees on hot days. C It digs to find water in dry creek beds. D It has a long heavy tail that balances its body when it hops.
D It has a long heavy tail that balances its body when it hops.
500
Look at the food chain shown. Using the information in the food chain, determine which statement is NOT a correct inference. clover  caterpillar  lizard  kookaburra A The lizard consumes the caterpillar. B The clover is the producer. C The kookaburra is dependent on the clover. D There would be a greater mass of kookaburras than lizards.
D.There would be a greater mass of kookaburras than lizards.
500
describe habitat destruction
clearing land to build and grow food removes habitat for native species.
500
Explain why decomposers are vitally important in a sustainable ecosystem.
They recycle chemicals between the living and non-living environments.
500
Compare how matter and energy flow through an ecosystem.
Matter recycles – decomposers return the material to the soil and air for reuse by plants. Energy does not recycle – it is progressively lost along food chains.
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