Cardiorespiratory
Fitness
Fitness
Name the body's largest artery.
Aorta
Compare and contrast flexor and extensor muscles (give an example of each)
Flexors - muscles that decrease the angle between the bones of a joint (Biceps)
Extensors - muscles increase the angle of a joint (Triceps)
Compare and contrast hypertrophy and atrophy
Hypertrophy: enlargement of muscles through use
Atrophy: a wasting away of muscle due to inactivity
Name the most complex layer of the skin
Define homeostasis
The condition in which a stable internal environment is maintained by the body
Define: Diaphragm
The thick sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and functions in respiration (breathing).
Define the pelvic girdle
A rigid ring of thick bone that supports most of the body's weight
Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Aerobic: nonstop vigorous exercises that improve the condition of the heart and lungs [jogging, cycling, brisk walk] Beneficial to the body by making the heart stronger thus lowering the resting HR, increases cardiorespiratory efficiency through the formation of new blood vessels (increasing blood flow to heart and skeletal muscles).
Anaerobic: intense activities lasting only a short period of time (cannot be sustained for long periods due to the body's demand for oxygen being greater than the supply)
What is the primary function of the sweat glands?
Help regulate the body's temperature
Name the largest organ of the human body
Name the upper and lower chambers of the heart.
Upper: Atria
Lower: Ventricles
The skeletal system functions as a whole but is divided into two major parts, what are these two parts called? Identify the types of bones found within each part.
Axial skeleton - bones of the skull, vertebral column, hyoid bone, ribs and sternum
Appendicular skeleton - pectoral girdle, upper appendages (arms), pelvic girdle, lower appendages (legs)
What are the 3 components of aerobic exercise
What is halitosis and what is the major cause of it?
Bad breath - caused by poor oral hygiene.
Define the following:
cardio-
derm/derma-
epi-
hyper-
hypo-
my/myo-
osteo-
cardio- heart
derm/derma- skin
epi- on, over or above
hypo- less than, beneath or below
my/myo- muscle
osteo- bone
Explain vital capacity
The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after filling the lungs to their maximum extent
True or False, majority of the joints in the body are freely moveable?
What type of joint allows for the greatest ROM?
What type of joint allows for rotation?
Ball and Socket (shoulder/hip)
Pivot joint (the radius)
Compare and contrast isometric, isotonic and isokinetic exercise
Isometric - exercises that involve little or no outward movement
Isotonic - exercises that involve exerting a more or less constant force against a movable resistance
Isokinetic - exercises that involve exerting as much force as possible against a resistance that moves at a constant speed
Compare and contrast the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis
Epidermis - outermost layer of skin (mostly dead skin cells)
Dermis - [most complex layer] contains sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles; contain sensory receptors (nerve endings)
Hypodermis - subcutaneous layer; fatty layer of connective tissue that connects the skin to muscle and bone and acts as a cushion of protection
Follow the passageway of air through the respiratory tract.
(Nasal/oral cavity) - pharynx - glottis - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli
Explain the difference between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation: the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
Systemic circulation: the movement of blood through all body parts except the lungs
Compare and contrast slow and fast twitch muscle fibers.
Slow twitch (red fibers) - have greater endurance and can contract repeatedly for long periods without tiring; used for maintaining proper posture/walking
Fast twitch (white fibers) - contract strongly and rapidly; used for short bursts of maximum strength
Explain how to determine if you should increase or decrease the intensity of an aerobic workout.
BONUS:
Compare and contrast pulse vs. blood pressure
Find your training HR (range between 75%-80% of your max HR).
220 - age = Max HR
Max HR x .75 = _______
Max HR x .8 = _______
Measure your pulse during an aerobic workout to determine if it falls within the projected range and adjust accordingly.
Pulse: rhythmic change of pressure causing the arterial walls to bulge outward and return to normal
Blood Pressure: the amount of force that blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels
Melanoma - rare and dangerous form of skin cancer
asymmetry
border irregularity
color change
diameter change
Starting and ending with the heart, list in order the pathway of systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation.
Systemic circulation: Heart (left ventricle) - aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins - venae cavae - heart (right atria)
Pulmonary circulation: Heart (right ventricle) - pulmonary arteries - lungs - pulmonary veins - heart (left atria)