Types of Pain
limb pain without demonstrated physiologic or pathologic substance.
What is phantom pain?
Lasts beyond the normal healing period . Can have remission or exacerbation and location, or etiology (nociceptive, cutaneous, somatic, visceral, neuropathic, referred & phantom pain).
What is chronic pain?
Wong-Baker, FACES,
Beyer Oucher pain scale,
CRIES pain scale,
FLACC scale, &
COMFORT scale
What are pain assessment scales?
A continuous intravenous infusion has proved effective for the relief of acute postoperative pain.
What is a PCA?
Sedation, nausea, and constipation.
What are the side effects of opioids?
Pain can originate in one part of the body but be perceived in an area distant from its point of origin.
What is referred pain?
Pain that involves an organ.
What is visceral pain?
These variables make the pain worse or make it better.
What is aggravating and alleviating factors?
A medication that is given on a as-needed basis.
What is a prn medication?
Tylenol (acetaminophen), Motrin (ibuprofen), and Aleve (naproxen).
What are non-opioid pain medications?
a type of pain caused by damage to body tissue.
What is nociceptive pain?
When pain is resistant to therapy and persists despite a variety of interventions.
What is Intractable pain?
VS, skin color, pupil size, muscle tension, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, appetite.
What are the physiologic indicators of pain?
S = sleep, easy to arouse: no action necessary
1 = awake and alert; no action necessary
2 = occasionally drowsy but easy to arouse; requires no action
3 = frequently drowsy and drifts off to sleep during conversation; decrease the opioid dose
4 = somnolent with minimal or no response to stimuli; discontinue the opioid and consider use of naloxone
What is the Pasero scale?
Acupuncture, hot/cold therapy, massage, and humor.
What are non-pharmacologic pain relief measures?
A type of nociceptive pain that is experienced locally, originating in structures in the body's external wall.
What is somatic pain?
A unique pain with multiple underlying and poorly understood mechanisms. Not easily categorized
Examples: fibromyalgia, pain caused by HIV, Lyme disease, some headaches, and some neck, back, and shoulder pain.
What is mixed pain?
In the past, this population frequently received no treatment for pain for medical or surgical procedures during their entire hospital stay.
What are childen?
May be used to decrease pain caused by inflammation.
What are corticosteroids?
When giving pain medications to this population, a general rule is to start low and go slow, adjust dosage and dosing intervals based on therapeutic response to the drug and the presence of adverse effects.
What is the older adult?
Pain from abnormal sensory input by the nervous system because of damage to the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves.
What is neuropathic pain?
Pain that lasts from seconds to less than 6 months.
What is centrally acute pain?
Facial expressions, verbalizations and vocalizations, body movements, changes in interpersonal interactions, changes in activity patterns or routines, changes in mental status, such as agitation and aggression.
What are indicators of pain for the cognitively impaired?
Opioid analgesics, Nonopioid analgesics, & Adjuvant analgesics?
What are the 3 general classes of drugs used for pain relief?
These drugs are typically used for other purposes but are also used to enhance the effect of opioids by providing additional pain relief.
What are adjuvant drugs?