The literal repetition of speech produced by others.
Echolalia
100
A progressive disorder that produces weakness in muscles and eventually is fatal.
Muscular dystrophy
100
A group of conditions in which a portion of the spinal cord is not completely enclosed by the vertebrae in the spinal column.
Spina bifida
100
A type of cerebral palsy characterized by significant limitations in the individual’s range of motion; muscle tone is increased and the muscles contract; movement may be slow and jerky.
Hypertonia
200
Published instruments that utilize a standard set of procedures to gather information to be used for assessment; can include tests, observation forms, rating scales, and so on.
Formal assessment
200
Behavior disorders such as aggression in which the individual acts on others.
Externalized behavior problems
200
Examines the child’s behavior in the context of environmental demands and expectations.
Ecological assessment
200
The ability to focus on and manipulate phonemes in spoken words.
Phonemic awareness
200
A term used by the DSM-IV to describe a group of disorders that affect a wide range of abilities.
Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs)
300
Non-progressive condition involving muscle control, posture, and movement. Means brain paralysis.
Cerebral Palsy
300
A multilevel system that utilizes student’s response to instruction in the general education classroom as the basis for identification and treatment; an emerging educational service-delivery model that emphasizes early identification of learning difficulties through classroom assessment and levels of instructional support.
Response to Intervention (RTI)
300
A sensory aid that is implanted into the ear to stimulate the auditory nerve fibers.
Cochlear implant
300
A group of disorders that vary in severity but share features of impairments in social interaction, communication, and behavior differences.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)
300
The ability to reflect consciously on the nature and properties of language.
Metalinguistic skill
400
A hearing disability ranging from mild to profound; includes the subsets of deaf and hard-of-hearing.
Hearing impairment
400
Methods and devices that supplement existing verbal communication skills.
Augmentative communication
400
A condition that produces brief disturbances in the electrical functioning of the brain, causing seizures.
Epilepsy
400
A genetic disorder in which the X chromosome is deficient, causing intellectual disabilities.
Fragile X Syndrome
400
The ability to understand and use language effectively.
Linguistic ability
500
Less severe form of autism, characterized by difficulties with social interaction.
Asperger Syndrome
500
A condition caused by the accumulation of fluid on the brain that, if untreated, can cause brain damage.
Hydrocephalus
500
Non-literal language such as metaphor and simile, use of language that uses language in more creative, imaginative ways.
Figurative language
500
A hearing disability in which there is sufficient residual hearing for successful processing of linguistic information through audition, generally with the use of a hearing aid.
Hard-of-hearing
500
A theory about the cognitive processing style of individuals with autism that asserts that there is a reduced ability to understand the state of mind of another.