Phonics and Spelling
The ability to manipulate individual phonemes (sounds) in oral language.
What is Phonemic Awareness?
The meaning and related associations of individual words and phrases.
What is vocabulary?
A broad skill that includes identifying and manipulating units of oral language – parts such as words, syllables, and onsets and rimes.
What is phonological awareness?
The relationships between the sounds of language and its graphic symbols, i.e., the letters.
What is phonics?
Grade level prototypically associated with proficient reading and writing.
What is 6th grade?
Written sounds in order based on orthographic patterns and/or letter-sound relationships.
What is phonics?
An implied understanding of motives, themes, suggestions, and reasoning that authors do not explicitly lay out in a text.
What is inferential comprehension?
The ability of a child to know and recognize the ways in which print “works” for the purposes of reading, particularly with regard to books.
What is concepts about print?
The practice of spelling unfamiliar words with an educated guess, based on phonetic knowledge.
What is invented (or phonetic) spelling?
Moving responsibility from a person with knowledge and releasing/giving responsibility to a person gaining that knowledge.
What is the Gradual Release of Responsibility?
The beginning literacy concept that sounds can be represented by letters and letters can represent sounds.
What is the alphabetic principle?
The why an author chose to incorporate, include, exclude, highlight, or neglect certain aspects of the text or illustrations (author’s craft). Also known as "about the text".
What is evaluative comprehension?
Teaching children reading comprehension through the integration of science and reading.
What is conceptual knowledge?
A text’s level that students may independently read well, including with prosody, at an appropriate pace, with few words needing word identification strategies, and with comprehension. Sometimes called a child “just right” book.
What is independent reading level?
A text’s level that students may read well with teacher support. Teacher prompting may be needed for successful word identification of <5% of the words or to engage in deeper comprehension.
What is instructional reading level?
The smallest unit of a language that cannot be further divided and carries meaning.
What is a morpheme?
When readers listen to their own voice and analyze what they are reading for meaning and correct pronunciation of words.
What is self-monitoring?
The ability to focus on and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.
What is phonemic awareness?
A form of communication and their marks on paper that convey a message.
What is writing?
The basis of a new word, but it does not typically form a stand-alone word on its own. Examples include:
bene
bio
ject
What is a Greek or Latin root?
Intended word: shirt; child’s spelling: shert. This is an example of what kind of error?
What is an orthographic pattern error?
(The child has produced a phonologically acceptable spelling of the word, but not the correct spelling. There is no “rule” for using ir rather than er in shirt; the child just has to have enough familiarity with the printed word to know that shirt is spelled with an ir not an er.)
An explicit understanding the characters, plot, setting, key information of a text. The who,what, where, and when of a text.
What is literal comprehension?
A system through which we use spoken words to express knowledge, ideas, and feelings.
What is oral language?
The study of alphabetic, pattern, and meaning layers of English orthography.
What is word study?
The specialized ways of reading, understanding, and thinking used in each academic discipline, such as science, history, or literature.
What is disciplinary literacy?