Binary & Hexadecimal
What is the smallest unit of data in a computer?
A bit.
Which unit is larger, a kibibyte (KiB) or a kilobyte (KB)?
A kibibyte (KiB)
What is the main purpose of data compression?
To reduce the size of files
What is the file format commonly used for storing compressed audio data?
MP3
What are the two main types of data compression?
Lossy and lossless
Convert the binary number 1010 to hexadecimal.
A
What is the size of a byte?
8 bits
Name a type of lossless compression.
Run-length encoding (RLE)
What type of compression is typically used for MP3 audio files?
Lossy compression
What is the base system of binary numbers?
Base 2
How many values can be represented with 4 bits?
16
How many bytes are in 1 tebibyte (TiB)?
240 bytes (or 1.099 trillion)
Which compression method is better for media files like images or videos, lossy or lossless?
Lossy compression, because it reduces file size more significantly at the cost of some quality
How does a bitmap image represent an image?
A bitmap image represents an image using a grid of pixels, where each pixel has a specific color value
How many characters can standard ASCII encode?
128 characters
What is an overflow error in binary addition?
It occurs when a calculation results in a value that exceeds the maximum number that can be stored in the given number of bits
Why are unsigned integers used to count the number of cars in a parking system?
Unsigned integers store only positive values, which is useful for counting cars, as negative values don’t make sense in this context
What is one key difference between lossy and lossless compression?
Lossy compression permanently removes some data, while lossless preserves all original data
What does the term “bit depth” refer to in relation to images?
Bit depth refers to the number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel in an image
How does two’s complement represent negative numbers in binary?
In two’s complement, the most significant bit (MSB) is used to represent the sign, with ‘1’ indicating a negative number and ‘0’ indicating a positive number
Convert the decimal number 255 to hexadecimal.
If a file is 2.5 GiB, how many bytes is that in decimal?
Approximately 2.5 x 230 = 2,684,354,560 bytes
Which type of compression is preferred for compressing text files, and why?
Lossless compression, because no information can be lost when compressing text
Why is JPEG a popular format for images on the web?
JPEG uses lossy compression, reducing file size while maintaining a reasonable quality, which is ideal for web use
What is the purpose of using hexadecimal instead of binary for representing large numbers?
Hexadecimal simplifies binary notation, making it easier for humans to read and understand since each hex digit represents four binary digits