Learning Perspectives
Student Development
Student Motivation
Classroom Management and Communication
Facilitating Complex Thinking
Student Assessment
Miscellaneous
100
This term refers to the distance between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with the support of a "More Knowledgeable Other.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (or ZPD)?
100
Jean Piaget defined these as the "mental building blocks" or frameworks that individuals use to organize and interpret information.
What is a schema?
100
The internal or external process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.
What is motivation?
100
This nonverbal behavior refers to the length of the pause between questions and answers, which in most classrooms is very short—often less than one second.
What is wait time?
100
Providing temporary support to a student to help master a task, which is gradually removed as competence increases?
What is Scaffoding?
100
This method of student evidence occurs during the flow of instruction and can include teacher observations, checklists, or quick "exit tickets" to gauge student understanding in real-time without a formal grade.
What is informal assessment?
100
Often colloquially defined as "thinking about thinking," this term describes a learner's awareness and control over their own cognitive activities.
What is metacognition?
200
It is those relatively permanent changes in behavior, skills, knowledge, or attitudes resulting from identifiable psychological or social experiences.
What is learning?
200
While the first refers to relatively rapid changes in behavior due to experience, the second describes long lasting personal changes that are the result of many different influences.
What is the difference between learning and student development?
200
A motivational theory comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical level within a pyramid.
What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
200
This type of talk focuses on stating a concept, asking about an idea, or explaining new knowledge.
What is content talk?
200
A framework for categorizing educational goals, moving from lower-order thinking skills to higher order thinking skills.
What is Bloom's Taxonomy?
200
This type of assessment is conducted during the instruction process to monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback.
What is formative assessment?
200
This is the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory at any given time.
What is Cognitive Load?
300
He was the founder of classical conditioning.
Who was Ivan Pavlov?
300
A state where a student feels that no matter what they do, they are bound to fail, often resulting from repeated academic failures.
What is learned helplessness?
300
The belief in one's own capability to organize and execute actions required to manage prospective situations.
What is self-efficacy?
300
A teacher's ability to be aware of what is happening in all parts of the classroom at all times?
What is withitness?
300
These are brief verbal or graphical overviews presented to students before the actual material to help them mentally organize what they are about to learn.
What are advance organizers?
300
This term refers to the extent to which an assessment consistently produces the same results under the same conditions.
What is reliability?
300
An educational approach that realizes the impact of trauma on learning and recognizes the need for physical and emotional safety.
What is trauma responsive teaching?
400
A theory that emphasizes learning through observations of others, modeling, and imitation.
What is social cognitive theory?
400
In this early childhood stage, children begin to assert power and control over their world through directing play and other social interactions.
What is Initiative vs. Guilt?
400
It determines whether a student perceives the cause of their performance—such as effort or luck—as originating from within themselves or from environmental factors.
What is locus of causality?
400
What are ways/examples of consequences (for students)
400
A teacher using this student-centered method poses thoughtful questions—like "Why do leaves fall off trees?"—to stimulate investigation.
What is inquiry learning?
400
This type of standardized test reports a student's performance relative to a representative sample of other students.
What is a norm-referenced test?
400
A theory proposing that normal reasoning develops through levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.
What is Kohlberg's stages of moral development?