Early Colonization
The transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Old and New Worlds after 1492.
The Columbian Exchange
Original name of New York, prior to its seizure by the British.
New Amsterdam
A religious movement that reacted against the Enlightenment and created division between the Old and New Lights
The First Great Awakening
The battle at which French and American forces decisively defeated the British, ending the Revolutionary War.
Yorktown
Prior to the adoption of the U.S. Constitution in 1789, the newly-independent colonies were governed by _________.
The Articles of Confederation
Spanish priest who spoke out against the abuses of the encomienda system.
Las Casas
Region of North America settled by Puritans who wished to found colonies based on their own religious ideals.
New England
War that left the British in control of North America, burdened the British government with debt, and launched the military career of George Washington
Seven Years War/French and Indian War
Pamphlet by Thomas Paine, widely read and important in raising support for the Revolution.
Common Sense
To the Federalists, Shays' Rebellion proved that ________.
A stronger federal government was needed; the government under the Articles of Confederation could not intervene effectively in a crisis.
Colonized the Mississippi River Valley, trading in furs and intermarrying with the native population.
The French
John Winthrop's famous sermon urged the settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony to think of their new colony as this.
A City Upon a Hill
The Proclamation of 1763 angered American colonists because _______.
It prevented them from settling on western lands, which was the whole reason they'd fought a war with the French in the first place.
Laws passed after the Boston Tea Party, which served only to inflame colonial resentment and lead America toward Revolution.
The Intolerable Acts
Anti-Federalists demanded the addition of _________ to the Constitution before they would support its ratification.
The year in which the first slaves were imported to England's colonies in the New World.
1619
Rebellion against the government of the Virginia, motivated by class hostilities and the desire to seize more Indian land.
Bacon's Rebellion
John Peter Zenger was put on trial in the 1730s for the crime of ______, which meant __________ under the law at the time.
libel; that he'd published something critical of the government (whether or not it was true).
The Battle of Saratoga was critical to the American victory in the Revolution because __________.
It convinced the French to lend their support to the Revolution.
The Three-Fifths Compromise stated that _________, and was added to the Constitution because __________.
Slaves would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of apportioning congressional delegates and electoral votes; the South demanded a greater voice in the new government than its white population alone would have merited.
Crop that rendered England's first successful New World colony profitable.
Tobacco
Colony founded according to Quaker ideals, notably more tolerant towards Native Americans than most colonies (at least until its founder's death).
Pennsylvania
Westward expansion by American colonists after 1763 provoked this conflict with Native Americans.
Pontiac's Rebellion
The most notable passage to be deleted from the Declaration of Independence criticized King George for _______, and was probably deleted because ________.
the slave trade (and encouraging slaves to side with the British); criticizing slavery would have risked alienating the South (and also because it was kind of hypocritical to criticize the slave trade, but not the practice of owning and keeping slaves).
The Great Compromise settled the differences between the ________ Plan, which called for _________, and the ___________ Plan, which called for __________.
Virginia/greater representation for more populous states; New Jersey/equal representation for small and large states.