Chapter 5
Molten rock that is above the Earth's surface.
What is lava?
Metamorphic rock needs these two things to form.
What are heat and pressure?
The two main types of weathering.
What are mechanical (physical) and chemical?
The percentage of the Earth that is covered by glaciers
What is 10%?
The only rock that fossils can be found in.
What are sedimentary rocks?
Igneous rock is formed when what cools/crystallizes.
What is magma?
Sedimentary rock formed by fragments of other rocks.
What are clastic rocks?
Weathering that causes a change in the composition of rock?
What is chemical weathering?
The slow, steady, downhill flow of loose materials.
What is a creep?
Metamorphism that results from high temp and pressure that affects a large area.
What is regional metamorphism?
This determines the size of crystals that form in igneous rocks.
What is the cooling rate of the magma or lava?
The process by which sediment is turned into sedimentary rock.
What is lithification?
The process of moving broken down materials to a new location.
What is erosion?
Unsorted ridges of til that are left behind as glaciers move.
What is moraine?
This type of rock forms when lava cools quickly on the Earth's surface.
What is extrusive igneous rock?
The main component of magma.
What is melted earth's crust/mantle?
The horizontal layering of sedimentary rock.
What is bedding?
A form of erosion that creates a small channel through the side of a mountain or crop land.
What is rill erosion?
The four main factors that influence mass movements?
What are materials weight, resistance to flow/sliding, trigger, the amount of water present?
A deep depression, scooped out by a valley glacier?
What is a cirque?
The four main factors that affect magma formation.
What are temperature, pressure, mineral content, and water content?
The percentage of open spaces between grains in rock.
What is porosity?
Two examples of mechanical weathering.
What are exfoliation and frost wedging?
Winding ridges of sediment that are left behind by streams that flow underneath continental glaciers.
What are eskers?
Name three agents of chemical weathering.
What are water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acids?