Causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange
What countries were involved in the Columbian Exchange?
Spain, Portugal, England, and France
What was different socially about French colonization than other countries’?
cooperative relationships with Indigenous populations
Which colony relied on slavery the most?
Southern (South Carolina)
What methods of resistance did enslaved Africans use between the 1600s and 1750s?
breaking tools, working slowly, faking illness, running away
Were exports or imports considered more important in Mercantilism?
Exports
What was one effect of the Columbian Exchange in Europe?
rapid population growth, improved nutrition, introduced new crops
Explain who Bartolomé De Las Casas was
abolished the encomienda system
Which colony was the most religiously tolerant?
New England (Pennsylvania, Rhode Island)
What were Native Americans trying to achieve in Metacom’s War?
stop English expansion, protect land, keep sovereignty
What colony had town meetings?
New England
What happened to the native population after the Columbian Exchange?
it reduced by 80-90 percent
Explain how religion influenced either Spain, France, or Dutch colonies
Spain: strict Catholicism
France: Catholic uniformity
Dutch: religious tolerance
Which colony had the House of Burgesses?
Southern Colonies (Virginia specifically)
What kind of people fought against Sir William Berkeley in Bacon's Rebellion?
indentured servants, poor farmers
Name 2 of the restrictions that the Navigation Acts had on trade.
Only English or colonial built ships
All goods had to pass through ports in England
Specified goods only exported to England
Name two animals and one crop that arrived in North America
wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, fruit, horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, goats
Compare and contrast the encomienda and the asiento systems
encomienda system granted Indigenous labor to Spanish settlers while the asiento system was a monopoly to import enslaved Africans
Which colony exported the most lumber?
New England
What were the Pueblo Indians in Pueblo’s Revolt fighting against?
forced labor, religious persecution by Catholic missionaries
Did the navigation acts work? Why or why not?
not really, England was lax on enforcing regulations
Name one disease that appeared in the Americas and one that appeared in Europe
Americas: smallpox, influenza, typhus, bubonic plague, malaria
Europe: syphilis
Explain each countries’ economic motivation for colonizing
France: fur trade
Dutch: commercial trade and commerce
England: land, agriculture, raw material
Which colony exported cereal crops?
Middle Colonies
What did colonial slave codes do?
legalized lifetime slavery; Ensured enslaved people stayed in bondage for life; status hereditary (mother to child)
What was the goal of the Navigation Acts?
enrich parent country (GB)