Epidemiology Definitions
an epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent.
What is Pandemic
mammograms to detect breast cancer
What is Secondary Prevention
the human who can get the disease.
What is host
occurs through skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse
What is Direct transmission
the first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist.
What is index case
individualwhohasbeenexposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism (pathogen) and who has done so for some time, even though they may have recovered from the disease.
What is Active Carrier
What is primary prevention
Disease-causing microbes
What is external agent
transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species, such as mosquitoes
What is Vector-borne transmission
objects such as clothing, towels, and utensils that can harbor a disease agent and are capable of transmitting it
What is fomite
provides a descrip- tion of the who (person), what (clinical char- acteristics), when (time), and where (place) aspects of health-related states or events in a population.
What is descriptive epidemiology
education about healthy and safe habits
What is primary prevention
a person with HIV/AIDS
transfer of pathogens from an infected host or a contaminated substrate to a susceptible host, where a biological association between the pathogen and the vector is not necessary
What is Mechanical transmission
when an increase in the number of cases of disease occurs above what is normally expected for a given time and place
What is endemic
the ability of a program to pro- duce benefits among those who are offered the program.
What is Effectiveness
exercise programs to prevent further heart attacks or strokes
What is secondary prevention
conditions external to the host that cause or allow the disease to be transmitted.
what is environment
occurs when the vector uptakes the agent, usually through a blood meal from an infected animal, replicates and/or develops it, and then regurgitates the pathogen onto or injects it into a susceptible animal.
What is Biological transmission
an infectious organism in vertebrate animals (e.g., rabies, anthrax) that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomite, or a vector
What is zoonosis
an invertebrate animal (e.g., tick, mite, mosquito, bloodsucking fly) that is capable of transmitting an infectious agent to humans.
What is Vector
set up programs and support groups that teach people how to live with their persistent rashes
What is tertiary prevention
factors that affect the spread of the disease
What is external agent
transported through air, inhaled by a susceptible host, and deposited in the respiratory tract to initiate infection
What is Airborne transmission
see healthy carrier.
what is passive carrier