American Independence
This Virginian was chosen as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and later became the first President of the United States.
Who is George Washington?
This French-enforced restrictive economic system required the colony to sell 100% of its exports and purchase 100% of its imports solely from France, with prices set extraordinarily favorable to the French crown.
What is the exclusif system?
This Catholic priest sparked the independence movement in 1810 with his famous “Cry of Dolores”
Who is Miguel Hidalgo?
These were the 3 key leaders of the South American independence movements
Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin, and Bernardo O Higgins
This foundational criterion demands that you show you fully understand all parts of the question, including the specific task given by the command term.
What are the Demands of the Question?
This 1777 battle, considered the turning point of the war, convinced France to form a military alliance with the Americans.
What is the Battle of Saratoga?
By 1789, Saint-Domingue's free population included these two distinct classes who, despite being divided by race and wealth, were both slave owners and leaned strongly toward independence from France, envisioning the colony as a slave-owning nation similar to the United States.
Who are the Grands Blancs (wealthy planters) and the Gens de couleur (free people of color)?
This 1821 agreement, negotiated by Iturbide and Guerrero, declared Mexico an independent constitutional monarchy and influenced various factions to join the fight.
What is the Plan of Iguala?
What are the 8 main locations of South American independence movements
Peru, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile
This command term requires a writer to offer a considered and balanced review of the question focus, ensuring that all opinions or conclusions are supported by appropriate evidence.
What is Discuss?
Two social causes and two social effects of the American Revolution
Cause options: enlightenment ideas, religious freedom, colonial identity, social equality, and social hierarchy.
Effect options: diverse nation, limited political rights of women, unity of classes, and more education
The free people of color, or Gens de couleur, were often wealthier than the poor whites, were strongly pro-slavery, and strove to imitate white culture while denouncing Voodoo. Name two political and social objectives held by this class regarding their status in Saint-Domingue before the major slave revolt.
What is the desire for acquisition of rights as independent citizens in a free Saint-Domingue, the wish to maintain Saint-Domingue as a slave nation, and the desire to draw distinct lines between themselves and black slaves (whom they often despised)?
What are two social causes and effects of the American Revolution?
Cause options: political polarization, rigid social structure, social inequality, grievances of the criollos, Enlightenment ideals, other revolutions.
Effect options: social change, end of the caste system, rise of new social groups, common people's lives change very little initially.
Name 2 political causes and 2 political effects of the South American independence movements
What are Napoleonic invasion, Tension between creoles and peninsulares over political power, Crisis of political legitimacy, Creation of juntas? (causes)
What are The creation of independent nations, the emergence of caudillos, government instability, and dictatorship? (effects)
This is the first sentence of any body paragraph, and it must explicitly make the ONE clear focus of that paragraph evident to the reader.
What is the Topic Sentence?
What are two economic causes and effects of the American Revolution?
Cause options: boston tea party, tea tax, currency act, navigation acts, mercantilism, taxation, currency act. Effect options: end of mercantilism, high debt, disruption of trade, inflation.
Following the successful use of a slave army to fight General Galbaud in June 1793, this French Civil Commissioner made a radical political announcement on August 29, 1793, which cemented the slave revolution's success and angered nearly all white and free colored slave owners in the colony.
What was the emancipation of ALL slaves in Saint-Domingue?
What are two economic causes and effects of the American Revolution?
Cause options: Spain's financial crises, mercantilism, seizure of church assets, tax on colonies, colonial economic downturn, poor harvests, famine, disrupted trade.
Effect options: collapse in mining and agriculture, loss of skilled labor, drop in government revenue, instability, slow growth, end of mercantilism.
Name 1 economic causes and 2 economic effects of the South American independence movements
What are colonial/mercantalist restrictions on trade and economy, the royal fifth, and industrial demand?
What are unequal distributions of wealth, the end of mercantilist protections, destruction of agricultural land/ production centers, continued reliance on cash crops, and economic stagnation?
This common structural error occurs when a writer tries to "tell a story" with little-to-no analysis or argument, resulting in a primarily descriptive response rather than an analytical one.
What is Pure Narrative (or Narrating)?
What are two political causes and effects of the American Revolution?
Cause options: stamp act, proclamation of 1763, taxation without representation, intolerable acts. Effect option: Creation of their own government, articles of confederation, Constitution, bill of rights.
After the assassination of Dessalines in 1806, the country split into two regimes, the North under Christophe and the South under Pétion. Name two contrasting economic outcomes that resulted from the differing agricultural policies in these regions until 1818.
What are King Henri I (Christophe) successfully re-establishing the fermage system (similar to feudalism) and returning the North to 75% of pre-revolution sugar production, while President Pétion redistributed land to peasants, leading to subsistence farming and coffee almost completely replacing sugar in the South?
What are two political causes and effects of the American Revolution?
Cause options: Spain's political instability, Spanish control of the colonies, mercantilism, taxation without representation, political divisions between classes. Effect options: political chaos, federalist constitution of 1824, centralized military leadership, frequent change of leadership, Federal Constitution of United Mexican States, states had political influence.
Name 2 social causes and 1 social effects of the South American independence movements
What are enlightenment ideals, social inequality, Catholic church control, rigid social hierarchy, peasant resentment
What are slavery abolition (everywhere except Brazil, Cuba, Puerto Rico), patriarchy, and Transculturation
This command term requires the writer to take a specific position on the question focus and then discuss the topic while also considering any counter-arguments or limitations to that position.
What is To What Extent?