Reading Assessments and Phonological and Phonemic Awareness
What is the difference between IEP and 504 plan?
IEP is an individualized education program under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Students with IEPs must meet specific criteria for one or more of the categories in the program. 504 plans are for student who do not meet the criteria for an IEP but also have disabilities and require accommodation in their classrooms. Both IEP and 504 plans aim to support students with disabilities and students need extra support in the classrooms. IEP students get specialized services outside the regular classrooms, but 504 plans focus on accommodations to ensure that they have extra students in their regular classrooms.
What are the three assessments to see if the learners meet their needs?
Entry-level: One-on-one assessment of entry-level of letter recognition, naming and formation.
Monitoring of progress: Observe to determine whether they know or are struggling.
Summative assessment: formal assessment to see if the student understands the concepts about print.
Question: Which of the following is NOT one of the key indicators of reading fluency?
Accuracy
Rate
Background Knowledge
Prosody
Answer: C- Background Knowledge
What is a morphemic analysis?:
It requires students to look at parts of words to determine their meaning
It is one way to help children develop the ability to figure out the meanings of words on their own
It requires students to look at parts of words to determine their meaning
What are KWL charts and how do you use them?
KWL charts are charts that help children activate their background knowledge. First the teacher will ask what they already know about the subject and then record their answers under the K. For example, the teacher could ask “What do you know about penguins” and then she would record their responses under K. W is what they would like to learn more about that subject. For example, “What would you like to learn about penguins” and then record the students' responses under W. After the story has been read to them the teacher will then ask what they have learned about. For our example we would ask, what have we learned about penguins and then record this under the L.
What are the differences between phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, and phonics?
Phonological awareness is the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of spoken language, such as syllables, rhymes, and manipulating sounds.
Phonemic awareness refers to the ability to manipulate individual phonemes which are the smallest units of sound. It involves understanding the sound structure of words, blending words, segmenting words into the smallest sound, and creating new words.
Phonics is the connection between sounds and written symbols. It integrated in both reading, writing, and spelling. It involves decoding and encoding.
In summary, these three concepts are essential components of early literacy development.
What role does the alphabetic principle in reading development?
Learning letter-sound correspondences
Gaining phonemic awareness
Mastering the complex decoding skills
Learning letter-sound correspondences
What are essential interventions to support English Learners in learning tonal patterns and rhythms of English?
Modeling and Phrase-Cued Reading
Skills that measure the ability of a reader to understand the surface of the meaning of a text are:
Literal Comprehension
Inferential Comprehension
Evaluative Comprehension
Literal Comprehension
What pre-reading activity can be used with a young reader who will read, or will listen to the teacher read?
Picture Walk can teach vocabulary and or/ be used to activate the readers’ background knowledge.
What can we do in small groups to support all learners?
For struggling readers, teachers should provide blending and segmenting sounds by reteaching, extra explaining, and additional practice.
For English Learners, teachers can provide targeted instruction that addresses their language needs. Use flexible grouping strategies to address the changing needs of ELs and the ongoing weakness of the assessments.
For advanced learners, teachers can provide opportunities for intellectual challenges, and faster pace instruction.
This skill is when students are developing an English letter-sound relationship in spelling, resulting in some letters absent or other letters being used for the incorrect sound.
(What is…) Phonetic spelling or temporary spelling or inventive spelling
What are the 2 interventions that will allow independent, silent reading to play a positive role in developing reading fluency?
Provide books at appropriate reading levels
Hold student accountable for comprehension
Which answer best describes how vocabulary is developed?
By memorizing new words every week
All at once, when a child is old enough
By learning about new topics
Incrementally over time, while expanding on prior knowledge of other vocabulary
Incrementally over time, while expanding on prior knowledge of other vocabulary
What is an example of a figurative language?
Hyperbole- An exaggerated comparison (e.g: “scared to death”)
Metaphor- An implied comparison (e.g: “ The road was a river of moonlight”)
Personification- Giving human traits to nonhuman beings or inanimate objects (e.g: “The moon laughed at Harry”)
Simile- One of the simplest figurative devices, a stated comparison between unlike things using the words like or as (e.g; “ He was big as a house”
Symbol- A person, object, situation, or action that operates on two levels of meaning, the literal and the symbolic.
Imagery- When the author appeals to the reader’s senses- sound, smell, taste, sight, touch.
Irony- Occurs when there is incongruity between what a character says or does and reality.
Foreshadowing- Is a literary device in which the author drops hints about what happens later.
What is the difference between a skill and a strategy?
A skill is done with automaticity when reading. A strategy is done consciously to read.
What are Digraphs?
two-vowel combinations that make a single sound.
two-letter combinations that make one sound.
two- or three-letter combinations, said rapidly, and each letter in a blend makes a sound.
two-letter combinations that make one sound
What strategy is used to teach structural analysis skills (prefixes, suffixes, and roots)?
Self-study
Multisensory techniques
Direct instruction: part to whole
Small group instruction
Direct instruction: part to whole
What is the most elemental unit of meaning in a language?
An affix
A morpheme
A free morpheme
morpheme
What are common expository text structures?
Cause and effect, problem and solution, comparison/contrast, sequence and description text structures.
What is the onset and rime of the word “play”?
Onset is “pl” and rime is “ay”.Phonemic Awareness
What are the two explicit ways to teach phonics?
(What is… ) Whole to Part phonics instruction (aka Analytic phonics) and Part to Whole phonics instruction (aka Synthetic phonics)
Whole to Part phonics instruction (aka Analytic phonics) - The whole sentence is presented to the student, then the focus word is highlighted within the context of the sentence for the letter-symbol relationship.
Part to Whole phonics instruction (aka Synthetic phonics) - The target word is presented to the student with the letters that correlate with the sound. Then the target word is put into a sentence.
Name one instructional strategy used to teach orthographic knowledge.
Select appropriate spelling words
Self study
Multisensory Technique
Small-Group and individualized spelling instruction
What are 3 independent word learning strategies students can use?
Morphemic analysis
Contextual analysis
Using the dictionary
What are three purposes that teachers use when using text structures?
To create a graphic organizer for students to examine before they read.
To create a study guide to help students understand the important points of a selection during and after they read.
To assess the content-area reading comprehension