Hazards associated with volcanoes 1
A stream of molten rock released from a volcanic vent.
What is a lava flow?
The type of volcanic eruption commonly associated with pyroclastic flows and ash eruptions.
What is an explosive eruption?
What is a poisonous gas emission?
A cloud of fine rock particles that enters the lower atmosphere and can block sunlight in an area for several hours or days, causing darkness.
What is an ash cloud?
The name for gases released from volcanoes that can contribute to long-term warming. Examples include methane, water and carbon dioxide.
What are greenhouse gases?
Typically the fastest moving hazard produced by an explosive volcanic eruption.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
The hazard produced when acidic gases like sulfur dioxide from eruptions react with water in the air and then falls as precipitation.
The type of eruption generally associated with basaltic lava flows and long-term poisonous gas emissions.
What is an effusive eruption?
Two volcanic hazards that are extremely hot which can burn things and start fires.
What are pyroclastic flows and lava flows?
The short-term climate change lasting from days to years that is typically caused by a major volcanic eruption.
What is cooling?
What is an explosive blast?
The property of magma that controls how viscous it is and how explosive an eruption will be.
What is the silica content?
A mudflow created when rock and ash particles from an eruption mix with fast-flowing water.
What is a lahar?
At high concentrations, these can cause irritation to the nose and throat and make it difficult to breathe.
What are poisonous gas emissions?
The phenomenon involving gases trapping heat on Earth and causing it to warm.
What is the greenhouse effect?
The approximate silica content of mafic magma in effusive eruptions.
What is 50%?
The type of eruption typically caused by flux melting (the addition of water to magma) at subduction zones.
What is an explosive eruption?
An extremely fast-moving mixture of medium-sized rock particles separated by hot gases that behaves like an avalanche of debris.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
The addition of minerals to soil caused by the weathering of volcanic ash, lava and other debris.
What is soil replenishment/enrichment?
A fast-moving current of air in the stratosphere that can transport sulfate aerosols around the world, creating a global cooling effect
What is a jet stream?
An explosive eruption of fine particles of rock, minerals and gas caused when lava is shattered by a buildup of gas.
What is an ash eruption?
The type of eruption generally caused by decompression melting (removal of pressure from above the rock) at divergent boundaries.
What is an effusive eruption?
The approximate silica content of felsic magma in explosive eruptions.
What is >70%?
Particles produced when sulfur dioxide reacts with water. They can stay in the stratosphere for weeks, reflecting incoming sunlight and cooling the Earth.
What are sulfate aerosols?
The process in which gases are emitted from a volcano during eruptions.
What is outgassing?