Models of the Universe
What model incorrectly placed Earth at the center of the solar system?
Geocentric
What sphere includes all Earth’s rock and land material?
Geosphere
What rock forms from cooled magma?
Igneous
What is one reason Earth has seasons?
Tilt of its axis
What forms at the center of a nebula
A star (like our Sun)
What model correctly places the Sun at the center?
Heliocentric
What is the thickest layer of Earth?
Mantle
What rock forms when layers of sediment compact and cement?
Sedimentary
Which law explains elliptical orbits?
Kepler’s First Law
What force caused the nebula to collapse inward?
Gravity
What theory explains the formation of the solar system from a spinning cloud of gas and dust?
Nebular Theory
What is the solid innermost layer called?
Inner Core
What rock forms when heat and pressure change existing rock?
Metamorphic
What process powers stars like our Sun?
Nuclear fusion
What kind of planets formed closer to the Sun?
Terrestrial planets
What scientist proposed elliptical orbits for planets?
Johannes Kepler
What layer is made of partially molten rock the plates float on?
Asthenosphere
What type of rock can form from volcanic eruptions?
Extrusive igneous
Which planet has the longest orbital period?
Neptune
What nearby event likely triggered the solar nebula’s collapse?
A supernova shock wave
What law explains that galaxies are moving away, proving the universe is expanding?
Hubble’s Law
What layer generates Earth’s magnetic field?
Outer Core
What type of rock forms deep underground from magma cooling slowly?
Intrusive igneous
What evidence supports the Big Bang theory?
Redshift of galaxies
What element was most abundant in the original solar nebula?
Hydrogen