First Aid Must Knows
What is the legislation that protects first aiders called?
Good Samaritan Act
What does the acronym ABC's stand for?
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
What part of the body do you start with for a head to toe check?
Head, neck, trunk, legs, arms
If a wound bleeds through a bandage, what do you do?
Apply more bandages and pressure, DON'T remove the bandage!
What is the ratio of breaths to compressions?
2 breaths:30 compressions
What are the 3 P's?
Preserve life, Prevent further injury, Promote recovery
What are 3 things that might show a scene is not safe?
Broken glass, electrical wiring, smell of gas, leaking oil/gas from a vehicle crash, fire, weather (tornado/hail)
What are 3 things you can do to while waiting for EMS after all injuries have been treated?
Reassure victim, collect relevant history and write down and changes, monitor symptoms, treat for shock.
Which heart rhythm will an AED advise a shock for?
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
What do you do if your first breath doesn't go in?
Readjust your head tilt chin lift and try again.
What are 4 types of barrier devices?
Gloves, CPR mask, face shield, face mask
What does EMS stand for and what number do you dial in our region to reach them?
Emergency Medical Services, 911
What does WARTS stand for?
Warmth, ABCs, Rest and Reassure, Treatment, Semi-prone/sitting
How do you treat internal bleeding?
Activate EMS, assist into comfortable position, treat for shock and any minor injuries.
If a conscious person is choking and cannot speak or cough what should you do?
Give back blows and abdominal thrusts.
When are you permitted to stop treatment of a victim?
1. More qualified personnel/EMS come
2. It's unsafe for you
3. You are physically unable to continue
What acronym can you use to determine a person's level of consciousness?
A - Alert
V - Responds to verbal stimuli
P - Responds to painful stimuli
U - Unconscious
Why do you put an unconscious breathing victim in recovery position?
It is the best position in which to allow vomit to drain.
What is the difference between a heart attack and angina? How do you treat them?
Angina is a diagnosed medical condition and typically has medication. Scene survey, activate EMS, assist to comfortable position, assist with medication, monitor vitals, treat for shock.
If a victims begins to vomit during CPR, what do you do?
Move them to recovery position and clear the airway, then reassess ABC's, continue CPR if breathing is abnormal/not present.
What is a DNR order and how does it impact you as a first aider?
Do not resuscitate, unless presented with one begin treatment.
What are the 5 parts to a Primary Assessment?
1. Scene survey
2. Mechanism of injury
3. Level of consciousness
4. ABC's
5. Major Bleeding
What does a victim suffering from shock look like?
Confused, pale, restless, low LOC
What is pursed lip breathing and why do you use it?
It is a type of breathing - in through the nose and out through the mouth in a controlled manner. Used for asthma, hyperventilation and other respiratory emergencies.
If you are alone, when should you activate EMS for an 8 year old unresponsive victim?
After about 2 minutes of CPR.