Mitosis and meiosis
This principle describes how chromosome pairs separate randomly during meiosis
independent assortment
This process copies genetic information from DNA into RNA
Transcription
A nucleotide structure is made of _________
5 Carbon sugar / Phosphate group / a Base
Roughly 540–510 million years ago, most major animal phyla appeared, Rapid Species diversification
Cambrian Explosion
The genetic potential for a trait such as height is___
Genotype
This type of cell division produces two genetically identical diploid cells?
Mitosis
This process uses RNA to build a protein
Translation
This philosopher believed male “vital heat” shaped offspring during development
Aristotle
The scientific explanation for rapid diversification when new niches open
adaptive radiation
The actual measured height influenced by water or nutrition
phenotype
This process reduces the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n)
meiosis
This direction describes the overall flow of genetic information in cells
DNA → RNA → Protein
This ancient Greek guy proposed that traits were carried by particles from all parts of the body
Hippocrates
The ship Darwin sailed on during his second voyage from 1831–1836
the HMS Beagle
What explains the difference between identical corn plants growth?
Environmental influence
Which of the following chromosome number found most in the body: Diploid (2n) or haploid (1n) cells and why?
Diploid (2n): Most of cells in the body 2 sets each
Haploid (1n): limited to sperm and egg
These are three-base sequences in RNA that specify amino acids.
Codons
This theory proposed that organisms develop gradually from undifferentiated material
epigenesis
Species found only in a specific geographic location
endemism
majority of genetic variation occurs at this level: Population / organism / Ecosystem
Population
Name all phases of Mitosis
Interphase / Prophase / metaphase / Anaphase / telophase / Cytokinesis
This concept explains how genotype leads to phenotype
central dogma of genetics
DNA VS RNA Differences
DNA: Adenine–Thymine / double stranded / Deoxyribose / Stores genetic information
RNA: Adenine–Uracil / Ribose / Single Stranded / Expresses genetic information
Traits that evolved after divergence from a common ancestor
derived traits
In a population of Galápagos finches, two birds carry different DNA sequences for the ____ gene, but develop similar beak shapes because they experience the same food resources and environment.
ALX1 gene