Mutations
This type of mutation switches one nucleotide for another.
What is a point mutation?
This event occurs during Prophase I of meiosis and is the primary mechanism that "breaks" linkage, allowing for recombinant offspring.
What is crossing-over?
What is Uracil?
This is the name of the technique used to map genomes.
What is sequencing?
This is when 2 unlinked genes are tested in a cross.
What is a dihybrid cross?
This type of mutation does not affect the final product at all.
What is a silent mutation.
This is the expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid cross between two individuals that are heterozygous for both independent traits.
What is 9:3:3:1?
This is a 3 letter sequence read by tRNA during translation.
What is a codon?
This laboratory method allows scientists to "amplify" a specific segment of DNA, creating millions of copies in just a few hours.
What is PCR?
This is an allelic system that has multiple dominant alleles that can both show at once.
What is co-dominance?
This type of mutation results in a premature stop codon, often leading to a non-functional protein product.
What is a nonsense mutation?
This inheritance pattern is characterized by the phenotype of the heterozygote being an intermediate "blend" between the two homozygotes.
What is incomplete dominance?
This is the part of a gene that is cut out of the mRNA.
What is an intron?
This technique uses an electric current to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge through a porous material.
What is Gel-electrophoresis?
This is when an expression of one gene covers up the phenotype of another gene.
What is Epistasis?
These mutations shift the reading frame of every codon downstream of the event. (extra points if you can name both types)
What is a frameshift mutation? (insertion and deletion)
This non-Mendelian mechanism involves traits that are passed exclusively from the mother to all offspring.
What is Mitochondrial inheritance?
This is the start codon, name or sequence.
What is methionine, or AUG?
What is Illumina sequencing?
What is Pleiotropy?
This type of protein is encoded by the ALX1 gene.
What is a transcription factor?
This is when a gene has two different dominant alleles that both show.
What is co-dominance?
What is an operator gene?
Originally discovered as a bacterial "immune system" against viruses, this tool uses a guide RNA to target and cut specific DNA sequences with high precision.
What is CRISPR-Cas9?
These genes affect the way the body is formed.
What is a homeotic gene (hox genes)?