After Civil War
What government agency was created to help freedpeople with food, clothing, education, and jobs?
Freedmen's Bureau
What were laws passed in the South to restrict African Americans’ rights?
Black codes
Which amendment abolished slavery?
13th
Who became president in 1868, supported by African American voters?
Ulysses S. Grant
Name one success of Reconstruction.
Abolished slavery, new amendments, freedpeople gained schools/jobs, African Americans elected to office
Name one major problem in the South after the Civil War.
Destroyed cities, ruined economy, freedpeople with no land/jobs
What amendment gave citizenship and “equal protection under the law” to African Americans?
14th Amendment
Which amendment guaranteed citizenship to all people born in the U.S.?
14th
Who wanted a quick reunion and forgiveness for most Confederates?
Lincoln
Name one failure of Reconstruction.
Black Codes, rise of KKK, sharecropping, lack of land reform
What plan allowed Southern states to rejoin when 10% of voters swore loyalty?
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
What act put Southern states under military rule until they accepted the 14th Amendment?
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Which amendment gave African American men the right to vote?
15th
Who led Congress in pushing for stricter Reconstruction laws?
Radical Republicans (Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner)
What compromise ended Reconstruction in 1877?
The Compromise of 1877 (troops removed from South)
Who became president after Lincoln’s assassination?
Andrew Johnson
What law (before the 14th Amendment) gave African Americans citizenship and was vetoed by Johnson?
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Which two groups of people were NOT protected by the 15th Amendment?
Women and Native Americans
Which president vetoed Reconstruction laws but was impeached?
Johnson
Why did many freedpeople remain poor even after slavery ended?
Sharecropping and lack of land ownership kept them in debt
Why did Radical Republicans think Johnson’s plan was too lenient?
It allowed many ex-Confederates back into power and didn’t protect freedpeople’s rights.
Why did Congress want to impeach Andrew Johnson?
He opposed Reconstruction laws and clashed with Congress (survived by 1 vote).
Give one example of how states tried to block African Americans from voting even after the 15th Amendment.
Poll taxes, literacy tests, intimidation,
About how many African Americans voted for the first time in 1868, helping Grant win?
Around 500,000
Overall, was Reconstruction more of a success or a failure? Explain your reasoning.
(Student opinion – success in laws/amendments, failure in long-term enforcement)