People and Vocab.
This term refers to people of mixed First Nations and European ancestry, primarily French and Scottish.
Who are the Métis?
The Canadian Pacific Railway was built to connect Canada from east to west and to encourage this in the West.
What is settlement? (Also accept: strengthening Confederation / improving trade)
This term means forcing a smaller or minority group to adopt the culture, traditions, and lifestyle of a dominant culture.
What is assimilation?
Residential schools were created by the Canadian government and churches specifically to achieve this cultural goal.
What is assimilation?
He was a prominent leader of mixed First Nations and European ancestry who led his people during the Red River Resistance.
Who is Louis Riel?
He served as the leader of the political opposition to John A. Macdonald and became Canada's second Prime Minister.
Who is Alexander Mackenzie?
Thousands of immigrants from this country came to British Columbia to work on the railway, facing incredibly harsh conditions.
What is China?
Passed in 1876, this sweeping law gave the Canadian government ultimate control over many aspects of Indigenous life.
What is the Indian Act?
To strip them of their identities, children at residential schools were strictly forbidden from doing these two things.
What is speaking their languages and practicing their cultures?
The resistance began because Canada bought this massive territory from the Hudson’s Bay Company without consulting the people living there.
What is Rupert’s Land?
This is a term for a temporary government set up during a crisis or period of political transition, like the one Riel created.
What is a provisional government?
Once the railway was finished, the government introduced this discriminatory fee to discourage further Chinese immigration.
What is the Head Tax?
Name two aspects of life that the Indian Act tightly controlled or restricted.
What are band governments, land on reserves, education, identity status, or movement? (Any two)
On a human level, many students tragically experienced these two severe forms of mistreatment while at school.
What are abuse and neglect?
Aside from their land, name two cultural elements the Métis feared losing when Canadian surveyors arrived.
What are language, religion, or culture? (Any two)
This specific action by Canadian surveyors upset the Métis because it ignored their traditional, established system of sharing land.
What is dividing the land differently? (Accept: using a different survey system)
The physical building of the railway severely harmed First Nations communities by destroying the populations of this crucial resource animal.
What is the buffalo?
Westward expansion and the loss of traditional hunting grounds led to these two devastating physical hardships for First Nations communities.
What are starvation and poverty?
Because children were physically taken away from their homes, families suffered from this lasting consequence.
What are broken family connections? (Also accept: separation from families)
This 1870 Act of Parliament was a positive result of the resistance, officially creating Canada's fifth province.
What is the Manitoba Act?
While the railway successfully connected Canada geographically, its major negative political impact in the West was an increase in this.
What is government control?
This Prime Minister strongly supported the expansion of the railway and aggressive government policies toward Indigenous peoples.
Who is John A. Macdonald?
The government signed these agreements with First Nations, but failed to keep its promises while taking away Indigenous lands.
What are the Numbered Treaties?
Because the trauma of residential schools did not end when the schools closed, its impacts are described as lasting across these.
What are generations? (Intergenerational trauma)
Although the resistance successfully created a new province, it resulted in this major negative personal consequence for Louis Riel.
What is being forced to flee Canada?