Lesson 1
Bureaucracy
a system of offices and officials that helps run business for the government.
Scribes
officials who knew how to write and were valued for their knowledge
Commerce
buying and selling goods and services
Papyrus
paper-like material made from papyrus reed that grew along the Nile
anatomy
the study of the body structure and its organs
What do the two crowns of the Pharaohs mean?
A United Egypt
When did the Middle Kingdom last?
2055 BC to 1650 BC
What was the most important Nubian import for Egypt?
Gold
Who was at the bottom of the Egyptian Social Pyramid?
Slaves
Which Egyptians skills helped them learn about anatomy?
mummification
Where is Upper Egypt and why is it named that way?
It is South of the Nile and it is named that way because the Nile flows from the South, making it more elevated
Why were the Black Lands named that way?
It is the area where the nile created fertile wet soil after its floods. The land darkens when it is more fertile.
Why was Egypt more suited to generate more food than Nubia?
The Nile delta created more fertile soil.
Where is Lower Egypt and why is it named that way?
It is North of Egypt where the Nile ends, it is named that way because it is less elevated, hence why the nile flows down
Where were the Red Lands and why were they named that way?
It is all the desert area where the Nile did not create fertile soil. It is deadly hot sands everywhere.
How was the Pharaoh dependent on Religion in order to rule?
They were said to be gods on Earth, this belief was important to get the devotion of the people.
What was the main difference between Hatshepsut and Ramses II?
They both wanted to expand Egypt. Hatshepsut did it through trade, Ramses II did it through conquest and war.
Why was Egypt better for farming and generating food than Nubia? How did this influence what they traded with one another?
Egypt had the river delta which created more fertile lands.
How did Papyrus revolutionize writing in Egypt?
It allowed for scribes to write down down more and record more information at a faster pace, and write a lot more of it.
What were some of Nubia’s Greatest accomplishments?
They were Africa's first civilization to use Iron instead of Bronze, they also developed their own independent writing system.
Describe the Egyptian Social Pyramid? (Describe at least 5 levels)
Pharaoh at the top.
2nd - Nobles, Priests, Government Officials
3rd - Scribes
4th - Artisans, Merchants
5th - Farmers, servants (below them, slaves)
Why did the Egyptians create a solar calendar after their Lunar Calendar??
The lunar calendar they originally had did not aligned with the seasons of the year. They needed a calendar that would be ideal to know the upcoming farming seasons.
Why was the relationship between Egypt and Nubia complicated (both good and bad)?
They needed each other for resources they did not have so they needed to trade, but they would also fight a lot and event conquered each other.
How did the Vizier help the Pharaoh maintain power?
Their main job was to collect taxes and spread it out through other bureaucracy offices of the kingdom.
Explain how Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt got their names?
The names are based off elevation, meaning that lower is where the Nile river ends, while upper is where it comes from.