Geography
This river flooded predictably and helped create stable agriculture.
Nile River
A belief system involving the worship of multiple deities.
Polytheism
The civilization credited with the earliest invention of the wheel.
Sumer
A system of government ruled by religious leaders.
Theocracy
Bablyonian set of laws that is considered to be one of the oldest legal texts in human history.
Code of Hammurabi
The use of fertile river land to produce food and wealth.
Agriculture
The result of social systems in which people are treated differently based on class.
Inequality
The two rivers that supported life in Mesopotamia.
Tigris River and Euphrates River
The Egyptian practice of preserving bodies for the afterlife.
Mummification
Phoenician invention that influenced classical and modern writing systems.
(Phoenician) Alphabet
A succession line of rulers from the same family.
Dynasty
The belief that kings receive their right to rule directly from the gods.
Divine Right
The exchange of goods without money.
Bartering
This group of people received more respect in Kush than their counterparts in Egypt and had far more political power and rights.
Women
The process of creating man-made channels that are used to control river water for farming.
Irrigation
This Mesopotamian story, believed to be the oldest work of literature, reveals beliefs about gods and the afterlife.
Epic of Gilgamesh
Early Egyptian writing used for religion and record-keeping.
Hieroglyphics
Time period of Egyptian history during which the Great Pyramids of Giza were constructed.
Old Kingdom
Sargon established this empire, which is the oldest in human history.
Akkadian Empire
The people who constructed large building projects like the Pyramids.
A system where workers specialize in specific tasks.
Division of Labor
This large geographic feature enabled Phoenicia to focus on sea travel and trade.
Mediterranean Sea
The god responsible for weighing the hearts of the dead and determining whether or not they are worthy of eternal life.
Anubis
The primary purpose of pyramids in Egypt.
Tombs of Pharaohs
The two regions that King Narmer united to form a unified Egypt for the first time.
Upper and Lower Egypt
Small, self-governing urban centers that competed with each other for the land that made up Sumer.
City-states
Egypt largely lacked this good, used in the construction of boats and buildings, and traded with its neighbors for it.
Wood
This respected class of people, below the nobles of Egyptian society, were responsible for recording events and literature.
Scribes
This civilization was located in modern-day Sudan and was heavily influenced by Egyptian culture and religion.
Kush/Nubia
This artifact made it possible to translate ancient Egyptian writing.
Rosetta Stone
One of Egypt's "greatest" pharaohs who expanded Egypt's territory, commissioned Abu Simbel, and signed the earliest known peace treaty.
Ramses II/Ramses the Great
This powerful civilization located in eastern Anatolia (modern-day Türkiye) fought wars against Egypt for territory and is credited with being the first to utilize iron tools/weapons.
Hittites.
The most notable product traded by the Phoenicians which was used to display wealth and status.
(Tyrian) Purple Dye
The division of society into ranked groups
Social Hierachy