Cell Theory
What did Robert Hooke observe under a microscope and what did he notice that lead to the word "cell."
Hooke observed a piece of cork. He noticed a bunch of tiny "chambers" that looked like the cells in a monastery.
What do Eukaryotic cells have that Prokaryotic cells lack?
Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles including a nucleus that separates the DNA from the resto of the cell. They can also be unicellular OR multicellular and have dozens of structures and internal membranes.
What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction in terms of cell division?
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring from a single parent
Sexual reproduction - when offspring inherit some of their genes from both parents and are not identical
Draw and label the chromosomes in each step of Meiosis I and Meiosis II (label each phase). Labels for the chromosomes include; chromosome, homologous chromosome, chromatin, sister chromosomes, centrosome, and tetrad.
...
Why did it take until the 1500's for cells to be discovered?
We did not know about cells until we had finally observed them using a new invention called the microscope.
What are the different structures that make up the nucleus?
The nucleolus that contains genetic information (DNA)
A nuclear envelop that surrounds the entire nucleus
What is the difference between the chromosome count in mitosis vs. meiosis.
In meiosis, the original chromosome count is halved but in mitosis the original amount is equal to the final. In meiosis, if you start with 46 chromosomes you will end with 23 in each resulting gamete. In mitosis, you will end with two cells with 46 chromosomes each.
What are the three parts of cell theory?
All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
All cells come from preexisting cells
What is the purpose of the Golgi Complex?
The Golgi complex modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage or release from the cell.
How are meiosis and mitosis similar?
Both are forms of cell division that result in new daughter cells. Before either begins, genetic information is doubled.
Name the five main contributors to cell theory
Hooke
Leeuwenhoek
Schleiden
Schwann
Virchow
What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?
Rough ER contains ribosomes where proteins are created
Smooth ER creates carbs and lipids
Why is prophase the longest phase of mitosis and meiosis? What is happening during that phase?