unit 1
The definition of arduous
extremely difficult to achieve
definition of Inherently
in a way that forms the basic nature of something
incumbency
state of currently occupying an office
candor
Frankness or honesty
subservient
having a role of lesser importance; subordinate
Cause-effect
The author presents a cause or causes for an event and supports that view, or the author presents possible effects of an event and supports that view. Transitions suited to this structure include therefore, consequently, and as a result.
Rhetoric
the study of how words are used to persuade an audience
comma splice
an error in which independent clauses are joined together with only a comma between them
determining themes
first determine which topics are discussed in depth within a text
Toulmin Model of Argument
a way of structuring logical arguments. Understanding its elements can help you evaluate the arguments of others.
relevant evidence
When summarizing a text, determine the central idea of the text and then identify the key details and evidence that support that central idea.
sufficient evidence
enough to provide the answer to your research question and to support points you are making
purpose of formatting features
help to organize content and guide readers to main ideas
What Is Argument?
a type of writing that emphasizes logic, specifically claims, reasons, evidence and, counterclaims
Transitional Content for Flow
include transitional content to move your audience smoothly to your thesis statement so that the flow of thought is natural and easy to follow
analyzing complex text
Determine the central ideas first and then discover the supporting details
use of hyperbole for effect
On some Mondays, Bill felt it would be months before the weekend came again.
Given the topic of plastic debris as pollution, what question could you ask yourself to evaluate the relevancy of these three sources?
Does the source relate to the task or the topic of your research?
when analyzing purposes in US documents you should
learn the historical context
types of reasoning
inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, analogical reasoning, and causal reasoning
Understanding Implied Meaning
Identifying style, tone, and word choice is an essential skill for uncovering the task, purpose, and audience for a text in which those aspects are not explicitly stated
summarizing sources
Skim your source and jot down, in as few sentences as possible, what you think are the main ideas
Multimedia
What images, graphic aids, or short bulleted lists from your essay can you present in a slideshow presentation?
when writing argument essay you should
use an objective and reasonable tone
“because” statements
Include them in your thesis statement from least to most important to your audience