Rhetorical Devices 1
A method developed by Aristotle to always WIN an ARGUMENT. Including all three of these elements (ethos, pathos, and logos) in an essay, speech, or debate will convince your reader and/or audience.
(The art of speaking and writing effectively.)
Rhetoric
the second half of a phrase reverses the order of the first half
Chiasmus
A question to which no answer is expected.
Rhetorical Question
. this fallacy appeals to feelings or prejudices rather than intellect and is marked by an attack on an opponent's character
Ad hominem Fallacy
begins with specific examples before leading into a general overview
Example:
Premise 1: Mr. James is a teacher.
Premise 2: All teachers like children.
Conclusion: Therefore, Mr. James likes children.
Inductive Reasoning
A reference to a well-known person, event, place, literary work, or work of art
Allusion
Repetition of a key word over successive phrases or clauses
Purpose: Serves as an effective focusing device showing the reader what to concentrate on
Conduplicatio
a figure of speech in which the part of something is used to represent the whole thing
Example: “I have four mouths to feed at home.” Translations: “I have four family members to feed at home.” [mouths (the part) is used to represent the people (the whole thing)]
Synecdoche
a threat of rejection by one's peers (or peer pressure) is substituted for evidence in an "argument." 2. the phenomenon by which the growing success of something (such as a cause, fad, or type of behavior) attracts
Bandwagon
begins with a general statement and ends with a narrower conclusion
Deductive Reasoning
Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a line.
Example: “I came, I saw, I conquered.”
Anaphora
Stating and drawing attention to something in the very act of pretending to pass it over. A kind of irony.
Paralipsis
intentionally making a situation seem less important than it really is
Understatement
Circular reasoning occurs when the reasoner begins with the argument or point he or she is trying to end up with and is a logical fallacy in which the premise of an argument assumes the conclusion to be true
Circular Argument
determines cause-and-effect relationships by using logic and facts
To show cause and effect relationships, causal reasoning may use words and phrases such as
Causal Reasoning
The juxtaposition (placing together side by side) of contrasting ideas in a balanced way
Example: “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”
Antithesis
Similarity in structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses
Examples:
Like father, like son.
Easy come, easy go.
Parallelism
By telling a brief amusing story, an author or speaker can personalize a message or topic to an audience.
Anecdote
A comment, an inference or information that does not logically follow from a premise or the conclusion
Non-Sequitur
A technique used to persuade the audience based on the speaker’s credibility, social standing, and/or knowledge.
Ethos
uses no conjunctions or FANBOYS and separates the terms of the list with commas.
Asyndeton
Repetition of conjunctions such as “and”, “or”, “for” and “but” in close succession, especially when most of them could be replaced with a comma.
Polysyndeton
Are common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument. Fallacies can be either illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points, and are often identified because they lack evidence that supports their claim.
Logical Fallacies
the introduction of a topic not related to the subject at hand with the intention of distracting the audience or reader from the issue
Red Herring
Answer 1: a technique that uses facts, logic, and reasons to appeal to the reader or audience’s rationality. An author’s use of logos can also be used to persuade a reader or audience and provide support for the subject matter.
Answer 2: a technique used to make the reader or audience feel a certain way by creating or eliciting an emotion(s).
Logos and Pathos