Logical Fallacies
Attacking someone's character instead of their ideas.
Ad Hominem
Information is presented in sections that often begin with a central idea and are followed by an elaboration of features, characteristics, or examples of the subject.
Signal words: for example, for instance, such as, to illustrate, specifically
Description
An appeal to credibility, ethics, or moral principles.
Ethos
A comparison of two unlike things, often introduced by like or as.
Simile
Hints in the text surrounding unfamiliar words or phrases that point to their meaning. The 5 types are: definitions, synonyms, antonyms, examples, and inferences.
Context Clues
Avoiding key issues or ignoring opposing views to distract from the argument.
Red Herring
Information is presented as a series of instructions or steps in a process.
Signal words: first, second, third, after, before, during, finally, next, last
Sequence
An appeal to logic or reason.
Logos
A word or phrase for one thing that is used to refer to another thing in order to show or suggest that they are similar.
Metaphor
Rebecca, my best friend, has been a companion to me for many years.
Which type of context clue does this sentence use?
Synonyms
A conclusion made without sufficient evidence.
Hasty Generalization
Information is conveyed as an issue or problem, and solutions are proposed or explained.
Signal words: an answer to, in order to solve, problem, resolution
Problem & Solution
An appeal to emotion.
Pathos
Writing about objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our five physical senses.
Imagery
Desmond was anxious about the test, but Christy was not worried at all.
Which type of context clue does this sentence use?
Antonym
Incorrectly connecting two things based on shared characteristics.
False Analogy
The similarities and/or differences of two concepts or ideas are presented.
Signal words: also, both, but, however, in contrast, on the other hand, similarly
Compare & Contrast
"I am going to buy those shoes because I saw Michael Jordan wearing those shoes!"
What appeal is this an example of?
Ethos
Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
Hyperbole
Nikki was lethargic; he did not have enough energy to get out of bed to go to swim practice.
Which type of context clue does this sentence use?
Defenition
Slippery Slope
Information reflects a relationship that includes a description of what happened and details related to why it happened.
Signal words: as a result, as such, because of, due to, since, so, therefore, unless
Cause & Effect
"Please adopt a dog today; every pet deserves a loving home where they can feel safe."
What appeal is this statement using?
Pathos
Representing a thing or idea as a person or with human characteristics.
Personification
Jasmine will serve cold beverages, such as soda, tea, and juice to the guests.
Which type of context clue does this sentence use?
Example