REVOLUTIONS VOCAB
a high-intensity, violent conflict between organized groups within a single country, typically fought for control of the government, to change policies, or to achieve regional independence. Unlike wars between nations, these occur internally, often involving regular armed forces, significant casualties, and prolonged fighting
Civil Wars
a German theologian, friar, and seminal figure who initiated the 16th-century Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
Beliefs that go against the principles of the Catholic faith are called
Heresy
Split away from the Catholic church and started the Anglican church
Henry VIII
elaborate, dramatic, and heavily ornamented, referring to a European art, music, and architecture style from the 17th century characterized by grandeur, movement, rich detail, and emotional intensity, often to create a sense of awe or sensory deligh
Baroque
a public expression of objection, disapproval, or dissent regarding specific acts, policies, or ideas, typically aimed at influencing public opinion or government policy
Protest
Reformation
The holding place for souls after death is called
Purgatory
Because he wanted a divorce
an official, Vatican-maintained catalog of publications deemed heretical, immoral, or dangerous to Catholic faith and morals. Established in 1559 and active until 1966, it banned lay Catholics from reading, possessing, or selling over 4,000 listed titles to prevent the spread of prohibited ideas
Index of Prohibited Books
make changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it.
Reform
a member or follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation
(give three examples for double!)
Protestant
Luther was called in front of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V to recant his grievances at this meeting
Diet of Worms
a major tradition within Christianity, comprising the Church of England
Anglican
the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, held in Trento, Italy, to address the Protestant Reformation and internal corruption. It reformed church administration, solidified doctrines like the seven sacraments and justification by faith/works, and launched the Counter-Reformation
Council of Trent
an act of violent or open resistance to an established government or ruler.
Rebellion
one of Martin Luther's greatest grievances with the Catholic Church, was the sale of these "a ticket out of purgatory"
Indulgences
This group of protestants believe Baptism should take place during adulthood (Amish, Mennonites)
Anabaptists
was the first wife of King Henry VIII of England and mother of Queen Mary I. As a Spanish princess, she was married to Henry for 24 years (1509–1533). Her inability to produce a male heir led Henry to seek an annulment, triggering the English Reformation when the Pope refused
Catherine of Aragon
was a Spanish Basque nobleman, soldier, and mystic who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1534
Ignatius of Loyola
an illegal, often violent overthrow of a government by a small group, typically military officers or insiders, to seize power. Driven by corruption or instability, they involve, in 96% of cases, the military. Consequences include regime changes, repression, international sanctions, and potential long-term political instability.
Coup d’etat
a major Protestant tradition stemming from 16th-century emphasizing God’s absolute sovereignty, human depravity, and predestination
Calvinism
decreed that whoever ruled would determine the religion of his territory.
Peace of Augsburg
passed by the English Parliament in 1534, declared King Henry VIII the "Supreme Head of the Church of England". It severed England's ties with the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope, establishing a national, independent church. This act, foundational to the English Reformation, solidified royal control over religious and political affairs
Act of Supremacy
What were the 7 Sacraments?
1. Baptism
2. Confirmation
3. Reconciliation
4. Anointing of sick
5. Marriage
6. Holy orders
7. Eucharist