Vocab
a German theologian, friar, and seminal figure who initiated the 16th-century Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
is a list of grievances written by Martin Luther in 1517 to protest the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences
95 Theses
Split away from the Catholic church and started the Anglican church because he wanted a divorce
Henry VIII
A machine that spread ideas far & wide.
Now literacy was no longer denied.
Created by Gutenberg to change the game.
It spread Reformation–its claim to fame.
Printing Press
elaborate, dramatic, and heavily ornamented, referring to a European art, music, and architecture style from the 17th century characterized by grandeur, movement, rich detail, and emotional intensity, often to create a sense of awe or sensory delight
Baroque
a major tradition within Christianity, comprising the Church of England
Anglican
the eternal decree of God, by which he determined with himself whatever he wished to happen with regard to every man. Not all are created on equal terms, but some are preordained to eternal life, others to eternal damnation; and, accordingly, as each has been created for one or other of these ends, we say that he has been predestined to life or to death
Predestination
an imperial assembly where Martin Luther refused to recant his theological writings before Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, marking a definitive schism in the church
Diet of Worms
A Spanish princess crowned England’s queen,
My marriage caused a royal scene.
Cast aside so he’d have a son to gain—
Who am I, the first wife in Tudor reign?
Catharine of Aragon
an official, Vatican-maintained catalog of publications deemed heretical, immoral, or dangerous to Catholic faith and morals. Established in 1559 and active until 1966, it banned lay Catholics from reading, possessing, or selling over 4,000 listed titles to prevent the spread of prohibited ideas
Index of Prohibited Books
a member or follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation
(give three examples for double!)
Protestant
opposed the policy of infant baptism and refused to join Zwingli’s group. They were ruthlessly silenced and left Zurich in 1526.
Anabaptists
transformed Geneva, Switzerland, into a, central hub of the Protestant Reformation.
John Calvin
In 1524, the lowly took a stand,
Against nobles’ power & they demanded land.
they thought Luther was on their side,
But they were crushed, and many died.
German Peasants Revolt
the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, held in Trento, Italy, to address the Protestant Reformation and internal corruption. It reformed church administration, solidified doctrines like the seven sacraments and justification by faith/works, and launched the Counter-Reformation
Council of Trent
one of Martin Luther's greatest grievances with the Catholic Church, was the sale of these "a ticket out of purgatory"
Indulgences
Pope Alexander VI bribed his way to the top & used his position to enrich friends and family. He gave allies fiefdoms & practiced the sin of selling offices also known as
Simony
in 1648 this Treaty ended the Thirty Years War
The Treaty (or Peace) of Westphalia
this preacher sold indulgences with flair.
He promised salvation, an offer quite rare.
Martin Luther thought it funny
That the church should trade salvation for money.
Johann Tetzel
was a Spanish Basque nobleman, soldier, and mystic who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1534
Ignatius of Loyola
a major Protestant tradition stemming from 16th-century emphasizing God’s absolute sovereignty, human depravity, and predestination
Calvinism
a core Protestant Reformation doctrine asserting that salvation—justification before God—is received by faith alone, apart from any human good works or merit.
Sola Fide
is a Protestant Reformation principle asserting that the Bible is the sole infallible, supreme authority for Christian faith, doctrine, and practice. It means Scripture alone is sufficient to determine all necessary truths for salvation, rejecting the notion that church tradition, the Pope, or personal experience hold equal authority
Sola Scriptura
In Zurich, this man broke with Rome.
Denied the Eucharist as Christ’s own.
He led reforms with Scripture’s guide,
And fought in religious wars where he died.
Zwingli
What were the 7 Sacraments?
1. Baptism
2. Confirmation
3. Reconciliation
4. Anointing of sick
5. Marriage
6. Holy orders
7. Eucharist