Bones
What is the bony prominence at the top of the shoulder that forms the lateral end of the spine of the scapula?
Acromion Process
What is the main muscle responsible for elbow extension?
Triceps brachii
Supraspinatus originates from which fossa of the scapula?
Supraspinous fossa
What injury occurs when a ligament is overstretched or torn?
Sprain
Ligaments connect bone to what?
Bone
What is the shallow socket of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus?
Glenoid cavity/fossa
Name the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff.
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis
The long head of biceps brachii originates from which part of the scapula?
Supraglenoid tubercle
A fall directly onto the tip of the shoulder causes pain around the AC joint. What injury might you suspect?
AC joint sprain/separation
What ligament connects the acromion to the clavicle?
Acromioclavicular ligament
Name the two bony prominences that can be felt on either side of the distal humerus.
Medial and lateral epicondyles
Which muscle is the main elbow flexor?
Brachialis
Where does the biceps brachii insert distally?
Radial tuberosity
A person falls onto an outstretched hand and develops a deformed-looking shoulder. What basic injury could you suspect?
Shoulder dislocation
What are two main functions of ligaments?
They connect bone to bone and help stabilise the joint by limiting excessive movement.
What is the prominent bony point at the back of the elbow?
Olecranon process of the ulna
Which muscle flexes the elbow and also strongly assists with forearm supination?
Biceps brachii
The long head of triceps originates from which bony landmark?
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
A patient has pain over the lateral elbow that is aggravated by resisted wrist extension. What common condition might this suggest?
Lateral epicondylalgia/tennis elbow
Which ligament is found between the acromion and the clavicle?
Acromioclavicular (AC) ligament
What is the name of the groove between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?
Intertubercular groove/bicipital groove
Which elbow flexor is particularly effective when the forearm is in a neutral or mid-prone position?
Brachioradialis
Which muscle inserts onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
Subscapularis
A patient falls onto an outstretched hand and develops severe elbow pain, swelling and an inability to move the elbow normally. Name TWO structural injuries that should be considered.
Fracture and/or elbow dislocation
Which ligament on the inner side of the elbow is also commonly known as the UCL?
Ulnar collateral ligament