Team 1
When NMES is used for muscle strengthening, what is the initial recommended on:off ratio?
1:5
This term is used to describe the use of electrical current to promote transdermal drug penetration.
What is ionto
The pain-spasm-pain cycle may be broken temporarily using this form of pain relief technique
What is conventional TENS
Acupuncture-like TENS uses what pulse frequency
2-10 pps
What is the term for the number of pulses delivered per second during electrical stimulation?
What is frequency
what type of Galvanotaxis promote healing of wounds that are inflamed or infected
negative
Acupuncture-like TENS uses what pulse frequency
A delta and C
For low-rate TENS, what should the amplitude of the current be
Sufficient to produce a visible muscle contraction
Why is it important to adjust ramp time during NMES?
to allow a gradual onset of muscle contraction, improving patient comfort and mimicking natural muscle activation
What type of muscle fibers are prone to fatiguing
Type II
Electrical Stimulation has more effect on which type of muscle fibers? These muscle fibers are contracted first with electrical stimulation.
Fast-Twitch Type II muscle fibers
Electrical stimulation may control pain by three pathways
stimulating the production and release of endorphins.
stimulating the production and release of enkephalins.
interrupting the pain–spasm–pain cycle.
Four Parameters for Acute pain?
Frequency? 100–150 Pulse duration? 50–80 μs Amplitude? Sensory Treatment time? Whenever there is pain
Electrical stimulation strengthen muscle through two principles
overload, specificity
This type of stimulation can increase strength, reduce spasticity, and enhance functional recovery after stroke.
NMES
What is the Pulse Width used for Muscle Strengthening of small muscles?
125-200
This technique is used to decrease neural adaptation through a pattern of variation of one or more stimulation parameters.
What are they
Modulation
Freq, Amp, Pulse duration
A pt. presents with pain of 5/10 secondary to planter fasciitis and reports to your clinic on day 3. Name the Physical agent used to facilitate pain relief and decrease inflammation.
Drug?
Iontophoresis
Dexamethasone
what are the five contraindications for e stim
Demand cardiac pacemaker
Implanted defibrillator
Unstable arrhythmia
Over carotid sinus , Over venous/arterio-thrombosis Pregnancy (overtrunk)
What are 5 clinical applications of electrical currents used in rehabilitation?
What is to illicit muscle contractions, pain modulation, control edema, tissue healing and iontophoresis
This type of electrical stimulation, known for its high-frequency, sensory-level current, helps to control pain by activating A-beta fibers to inhibit pain signals at the spinal cord level through the gate control theory. The typical parameters for this modality are a frequency of 100-150 pps, pulse duration of 50-80 µs, and a sensation that is comfortable but not painful
what is high rate (conventional) TENS
To optimize recruitment of all muscle fibers, what should a patient do with the application of electrically stimulated contractions?
perform physiological contractions
What type of electrical stimulation would you use for a patient with chronic patellar tendonitis and what pad placement would you use on a large surface.
what is Low rate TENS, IFC
what are the parameters for Russian?
For small and large muscles
pulse duration: 200-350 us (large), 125-200 us (small), frequency: 35-80 pps (large), 35-50 pps (small), time: 6-10 s (on), 50-120 s (off), treatment: 10’
what are the parameters for biphasic?for big and small muscles
pulse duration: 200-350 us (large), frequency: 35-80 pps (large), 35-50 pps (small), time: 6-10 s (on), 50-120 s (off), treatment: 10’