What a Shock!
5 of the 9 types of electrical stimulation.
What are: microcurrent, IFC, pre-mod, TENS, high-volt, Russian, biphasic, H-wave, iontophoresis
The electrical force capable of propelling electrons from higher to lower energy levels.
What is electrical potential?
The only indication for this e-stim is pain.
What is TENS?
___are neurons in the skin and connective tissue that synapse contralaterally in the dorsal horn.
This pad technique is most commonly used for muscle contraction.
What is bipolar technique?
The force which must be applied to produce a flow of electrons.
What is electromotive force?
The interruption between a single pulse.
What is an intrapulse interval?
This type of e-stim requires an active and dispersive electrode and operates at a 1-200Hz pulse rate.
A-delta fibers are this type of first order neuron and travel at this speed.
What are nociceptors and 15m/sec?
A decrease or increase in charge is necessary before this will take place.
What is an action potential
Opposes electron flow and is affected by the length of the circuit and the material the current flows through.
What is resistance?
The most common waveform for alternating current.
What is sine waveform?
This type of e-stim can produce a co-contraction.
What is Russian or biphasic?
What is the sensory homunculus?
This type of current has a continuous flow of electrons in reverse directions.
What is AC?
I=V/R
What is Ohm's Law?
When a nerve no longer depolarizes without an increase in intensity.
What is accommodation?
___ is the ideal pulse duration for motor fiber recruitment.
What is 300-500 microseconds?
C fibers synapse here in the dorsal horn.
What are Lamina I and II?
This type of current is a bidirectional pulsed AC
What is biphasic?
The idea of blocking A-delta and C-fibers from reaching the substantia gelatinosa as a way to temporarily block pain perception.
What is Gate Control?
Describes the amplitude of two waves that are in phase with each other and summate.
What is constructive inference?
___ introduces ionized medications into subcutaneous tissue using low voltage DC.
What is iontophoresis?
Synapse with second order neurons can occur via two pathways.
What are the spinothalamic and the spinobrachial pathways?