What electrolyte is closely associated with Cl transport?
What is Na
100
What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia?
What is failure of renal excretion
100
With isotonic dehydration, we expect to see what on our Chemistry in regards to electrolytes?
What is serum Na and Cl do not change
100
A 9 year old FS poodle presents for severe vomiting, diarrhea and collapse. Blood work identifies a Na:K ratio of 21. What is your top differential?
What is Addisonian crisis
200
What metabolic pathway is responsible for the regulation of sodium?
What is RAAS pathway
200
What acid base abnormality accompanies selective chloride loss? (small animals)?
What is metabolic alkalosis
200
Name a diuretic that is potassium sparing.
What is Spironolactone
200
Dehydration with elevation of sodium and chloride leads to what type of dehydration?
What is hypertonic dehydration
200
You arrive on a farm to find a cow with an abomasal volvulus. What electrolyte abnormalities would you expect on your chemistry?
What is hypochloremia and hypokalemia
300
When secreted, what hormone is responsible for activating the RAAS pathway?
What is ADH
300
What portion of the nephron is primarily responsible for reabsorption of Cl?
What is loop of henle
300
Administration of what hormone drives potassium into the cell?
What is insulin
300
What disease is associated with hypertonic dehydration?
What is diabetes insipidus
300
A 4 yo MN DSH presents for a 1 week history of weakness, hindlimb ataxia, polyuria and decreased appetite. On PE he is clinically dehydrated and depressed. Classify his dehydration.
Na 219 (148-157)
K 3.8 (3.5-5.1)
Cl 178 (115-128)
What is hypertonic dehydration
400
What part of the nephron is primarily responsible for reabsorption of sodium?
What is the proximal tubule
400
What disorder in ruminants results in hypochloremia?
What is right displaced abomasum (RDA)
400
What muscle disorder causes hyperkalemia in horses?
What is rhabdomyolysis
400
What are some of the causes of electrolyte loss greater than water loss?
What is secretory diarrhea, vomiting, 3rd space loss and sweating in horses
400
Your client calls you out to his farm to examine his mare. After running your minimum database you have identified that his mare is in chronic renal failure. What is the main electrolyte abnormality you will see on your chemistry and how does it differ with acute renal failure?
What is hypercalcemia and with acute renal failure we see hypocalcemia
500
What are the top 3 differentials for an inverted Na:K ratio?
What are Addisons, uroabdomen and hookworms
500
What happens when bicarbonate is reabsorbed by the kidney in a state of chloride depletion?
What is paradoxical aciduria
500
Name three EKG findings associated with hyperkalemia.
What is tall tented T waves, widened QRS complex, bradycardia, decreased to absent P waves, prolonged P-R interval and prolonged Q-T interval
500
In regards to sodium, when are we concerned about cerebral edema?
What is Na is less than 115-120 mEq/L
500
A blocked cat presents to your hospital severely bradycardic. Bloodwork identifies a severe hyperkalemia. What drug can be administered as a cardiac protectant and what is the mechanism of action?
What is calcium gluconate and to restore the membrane potential the and establish normal depolarization