ABGs All day
PaCO2: 52
pH: 7.32
Bicarb: 29
What is the acid base imbalance?
Partially compensated Respiratory Acidosis
Acidic | Normal | Basic
CO2 | | Bicarb
PH |
A patient has chronic kidney disease, leading to electrolyte imbalances. Suddenly, a patient has muscle spasms, including Trousseau's and Chovstek's sign. What electrolyte imbalance is present?
Hypocalcemia
What is the end product of the RAAS system, and what does it promote?
Aldosterone, vasoconstriction-> increased blood pressure, excretes potassium, retains sodium
This is the amount of immature RBCs and indicate the health of bone marrow.
Reticulocytes.
A patient is experiencing, tingling, swollen tongue, lack of muscle coordination. What is the condition?
Macrocytic normochromatic anemia/ pernicious anemia (B12)
Symptoms: paresthesia, glossitis, ataxia ***
PaCO2: 31
pH: 7.49
Bicarb: 20
Partially compensated Respiratory Alkalosis
Acidic | Normal| Basic
Bicarb | | CO2
| pH
A patient is extremely dehydrated from not drinking enough water. Without prompt treatment, the patient goes into a seizure and then a coma. What electrolyte imbalance caused this?
Hypernatremia
What triggers the RAAS system to activate?
Dehydration, low blood pressure
Warfarin is an anticoagulant. What is it's antidote?
Vitamin K
A patient develops a craving for dirt, spoon shaped nails, hair loss, chapped lips, and a cold fingers. What alteration is this?
Iron deficient anemia: microcytic, hypochromatic
Symptoms: Pica, koilonychia, cheilitis ***
PaCO2: 33
pH: 7.47
Bicarb: 24
What is the acid base imbalance?
Uncompensated Respiratory Alkalosis
Acidic | Normal | Basic
| Bicarb | Co2
pH
A patient loves to eat bananas and raisins. If the patient ate too much of these foods, what kind of EKG changes should the nurse expect to see?
Peaked T waves -> hyperkalemia
A patient is hemorrhaging, and the nurse notices their electrolytes are not significantly impacted. What kind of dehydration is this?
Isotonic dehydration-> most common fluid volume deficit
What do you use ferrous sulfate for?
Iron deficiency anemia
A patient has too many RBCs, leading to a viscus blood and increased risk for clots. What alteration is this?
Polycythemia
PaCO2: 49
pH: 7.44
Bicarb: 30
Fully compensated Metabolic Alkalosis
Acidic | Normal | Basic
CO2 pH -> Bicarb
A patient in menopause experiences general muscle weakness, constipation, and a loss of appetite. What electrolyte imbalance is occuring?
Hypercalcemia
This kind of dehydration commonly occurs in DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis). This can also occur if a sports athlete gets dehydrated and drinks too much Gatorade.
Hypertonic dehydration -> lose more water than Na+
What can folic acid deficiency lead to?
Neural tube defects in infants of pregnant women
A patient has blood oozing from IV sites and petechiae across their body. What EMERGENCY is the patient experiencing?
DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)
PaCO2: 37
pH: 7. 32
Bicarb: 18
Uncompensated Metabolic Acidosis
Acidic | Normal | Basic |
pH CO2
Bicarb
A patient had too much fluid and is now taking spironolactone. If a patient's _________ is too high, they cannot receive this medication.
Potassium
If a patient has shrunken cells from dehydration, what kind of solution will you give to help them swell up to a normal size?
Hypotonic solution-> 0.45% NS
What is the difference between MHC and MCHC
MHC: Average amount of Hgb in a singular RBC (
MCHC: Average concentration of Hgb relative to the size of the RBC (comparing proportions)
A patient has painless swelling of lymph nodes, weight loss, unexplained fever and lacks Reed-Sternberg cells. What is the alteration?
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma