Potassium
The normal range for serum potassium
What is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 166
The normal range for serum sodium
What is 135-145 mEq/L?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 167
The normal range for calcium
What is 8.6-10.2 mg/dL?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 168
The normal range for Magnesium
What is 1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 172
Which electrolyte can’t the body store requiring an adequate intake daily?
Potassium
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 163
Three signs of hypokalemia
What are nausea and vomiting, polyuria, abdominal distention, cardiac dysrhythmias, soft/flabby muscles?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 166
Three signs of hyponatremia
What are muscle weakness, headaches, lethargy, confusion, seizures, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting, tachycardia, hypotension, pale skin, and dry mucous membranes?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 168
Three signs of hypocalcemia
What are tetany, muscle cramps, bleeding tendencies, and weak cardiac contractions?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 171
Three signs of hypomagnesemia
What are tetany-like symptoms (tremors, twitching of the face) and hypertension and ventricular fibrillation?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 172
What drug should you not give with calcium that cause cardiac arrhythmias?
Digoxin
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 171
Three signs of hyperkalemia
What are oliguria, nausea, abdominal cramps, tachycardia, weakness/numbness/tingling of the extremities?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 166
Three signs of hypernatremia
What are flushed dry skin, agitation, elevated body temp, rough/dry tongue, nausea and vomiting, anorexia, tachycardia, hypertension, muscle twitching, and hyperreflexia?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 168
Three signs of hypercalcemia
What are flabby muscles, pain over bony areas, and kidney stones?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 171
Three signs of hyper-magnesemia
What are lethargy, drowsiness, weakness, and paralysis, loss of deep tendon reflexes, hypotension, and heart block?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 172
What major drug classifications can cause hypokalemia?
Laxative, corticosteroids, antibiotic and potassium-wasting diuretics.
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 164
What is the primary route for potassium loss?
The Kidneys.
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 163
When hyponatremia occurs with hypovolemia and hypervolemia what is the first symptoms of sodium deficit?
Thirst
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 167
What is given to decrease serum magnesium level (hypermagnesemia)?
Calcium Gluconate
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 172
Which electrolyte is given to correct hypomagnesemia and for symptoms of digitalis toxicity?
Magnesium Sulfate
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 172
Potassium IV push or IV bolus is quicker absorbed than oral.
Magnesium Sulfate
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 172
What percent of the body's potassium is found within the cell?
98% of the body’s potassium is found within the cells; only 2% is found in the ECF.
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 162
What is the daily dietary requirement for Sodium?
2000 mg to 4000 mg.
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 167
Foods rich in _____ and _____ enhance calcium absorption.
Protein and Vitamin D.
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 172
Which antibiotic that can lead to ototoxicity can also cause hypomagnesemia?
Gentamicin
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 172
What electrolye plays a role in maintaining normal calcium and potassium balance?
Magnisium.
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 172