Vocabulary
An ion that forms from a single type of atom.
Ex: Cl-1, Na+1, Mg+2, or P-3
monatomic
What is the only element that has an electron configuration that DOES NOT start with 1s2 ?
Hydrogen (H) = 1s1
When writing a noble gas abbreviation showing the electron configuration for an element, always use the noble gas that comes ____________ the element.
before
DAILY DOUBLE! 100 points each
1. What group # are the noble gases in?
2. Why do all elements want to be like them?
1. group 18
2. they are stable (unreactive, inert, lowest PE, etc)
The total number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to that elements _________ ___________.
atomic number
DAILY DOUBLE! 200 pts each.
1. ____________ _____________ describe the average distance of electrons from the nucleus of an atom.
2. How are they symbolized in electron configurations? (numbers, letters, circles, arrows, Xs... and which ones?)
1. Energy levels
2. whole numbers 1-7
What element has the electron configuration:
1s2 2s2 2p5 ?
fluorine (F)
What rule/law/theory/principle states:
"Electrons enter sublevels with the lowest energy first"
?
Aufbau Principle
Aufbau = "building up" in German
Name the element:
[He] 2s1
lithium (Li)
What is the highest energy sublevel that any atom can have electrons on?
7p
DAILY DOUBLE! 300 points each.
1. The actual paths (areas) that electrons can be found in an atom are called ___________. They are kind of like "race tracks" that electrons fly around.
2. How are they symbolized in electron configurations? (numbers, letters, circles, arrows, Xs... and which ones?)
1. sublevels
2. letters s, p, d, f
What element has the electron configuration:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6 ?
iron (Fe)
What law/theory/rule/principle states:
"In a sublevel with more than 1 orbital (p, d, or f), put 1 electron in each orbital before pairing any orbitals"
?
Hund's rule
DAILY DOUBLE! 300 points each!
1. Write the noble gas configuration for gallium (Ga)
2. Write its dot notation
1. [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p1
2. 3 valence electrons (1 pair, 1 single)
What is inaccurate about drawing an atom with rings of electrons around it? (similar to a picture of planets orbiting the Sun)?
1. it's not 3-D (atoms are 3-dimensional)
2. electrons don't travel in circles (they travel on 3-D spheres, dumbells, clovers, etc)
DAILY DOUBLE! 400 points each.
1. Each sublevel is oriented differently in 3-D space, and each orientation is a/an ________________ _____________ that can hold up to 2 electrons max.
2. How are they symbolized in electron configurations? (numbers, letters, circles, arrows, Xs... and which ones?)
1. atomic orbital
2. symbolized by circles (each circle is an "atomic orbital") with arrows or Xs (each arrow or line of the X is an electron)
Write the electron configuration for manganese (Mn)
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5
Quantum theory
Write the longhand electron (ion) configuration for Mg+2
1s2 2s2 2p6
Fill out a table with the following headings:
4 sublevels shape # atomic orbitals max # e-
s = sphere, 1 orbital, 2 e-
p = dumbell, 3 orbitals, 6 e-
d = clover, 5 orbitals, 10 e-
f = double clover, 7 orbitals, 14 e-
When an atom forms an ion, it typically does it to be like the noble gases. When the ion forms, it is said to be _____________ with the noble gas it wants to be like in terms of electron configuration.
isoelectronic
DAILY DOUBLE! 500 points each!
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2
1. How many valence electrons in the element above?
2. Draw dot notation with accurate pairs of valence electrons. Use an element "X" for the symbol to put dots around.
1. 4 valence electrons
2. 1 pair, 2 single dots around "X"
What rule/law/theory/principle states:
"atomic orbitals can hold only 2 electrons at most, and they must have opposite spin"
?
Pauli principle
What is the only noble gas that you would never see in a "noble gas abbreviation" of an element?
Oganesson (Og)
or
Ununoctium (Uuo) if you have an old periodic table
They have 118 electrons (more than any other element) so there are no elements with more electrons
DAILY DOUBLE! 500 points each!
1. Give the noble gas configuration for silver.
2. How many valence electrons does silver have?
1. [Kr] 5s1 4d10
2. 1 ve-
(the other 5s electron "jumps" to fill 4d because it's a lower energy state than 5s2 4d9 )