What did Bohr assume about the motion of electrons?
That the electrons traveled in circular paths around the nucleus.
100
What does the quantum mechanical model determine about electrons in atoms?
It determines the allowed energy levels an electron can have an the likelihood of finding an electron in various locations around the nucleus.
100
The ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms are called ________ ____________.
electron configurations
100
How are frequency and wavelength of light related?
They are inversely proportional to each other.
100
Light quanta are called ______.
photons
200
Describe Rutherford's model of the atom and compare it with the model proposed by his student Neils Bohr.
In Rutherford's model, negatively charged electrons surround a dense, positively charged nucleus. In Bohr's model, the electrons are assigned to concentric circular orbits of fixed energy.
200
The fixed energies an electron can have are called ________ _________.
energy levels
200
According to the ________ __________, electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first.
Aufbau Principle
200
List the four main parts of a wave cycle.
a) wavelength
b) amplitude
c) crest
d) trough
200
The lowest possible energy of the electron is its ______ ________.
ground state
300
What was inadequate about Rutherford's model of the atom?
It could not explain why metals and metal compounds give off characteristic colors when heated, nor could it explain chemical properties of the elements.
300
A _________ of energy is the amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another energy level.
quantum
300
According to the ________ __________ _____________, an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
300
What is the equation for calculating a wavelength?
λ = c/v
300
The frequencies of light emitted by an element separate into discrete lines to give the _________ ________ ________ of the element.
Atomic emission spectrum
400
What is an atomic orbital?
A region in space around the nucleus in which there is a high probability of finding an electron.
400
How can electrons in an atom move from one energy level to another?
by losing or gaining just the right amount of energy -- a quantum.
400
________ ________ says that you always give one electron to each available orbital BEFORE you begin doubling up.
What is Hund's Rule
400
The SI unit of cycles per second is called a _____.
hertz (Hz)
400
How does quantum mechanics differ from classical mechanics?
Quantum mechanics describes the motions of atoms and subatomic particles; classical mechanics describes the motions of larger bodies.
500
How many sublevels are contained in each of these principal energy levels? n=1, n=2, n=3, n=4
1,2,3,4
500
How many orbitals are in the following sublevels? s,p,d,f
1,3,5,7
500
What are the two elements that have exceptional electron configurations?
Copper and Chromium
500
List three types of waves electromagnetic radiation includes:
radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, X-rays, and gamma waves
500
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states ...
that it is impossible to know both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time.