Wave Energy
Any type of energy that travels in waves.
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR)
He created the first, and most basic model of atoms and electrons. It showed correct #s of particles, but they were not arranged correctly.
Ernest Rutherford
Principle quantum numbers are represented by whole numbers 1-7. What do these numbers tell us about electrons?
Their distance from the nucleus
(higher numbers = further from nucleus)
Give the longhand electron configuration for oxygen (O).
1s2 2s2 2p4
Daily Double!
1) The number of waves that pass a given point per second.
2) What is the SI unit for #1?
1) frequency
2) Hertz (Hz)
What speed (with correct units) does all electromagnetic radiation travel?
3 x 108 m/s
His atomic model showed that Hydrogen's single electron could orbit the nucleus at different distances based on how much energy the atom had.
Neils Bohr
Orbital quantum numbers are represented by the letters s, p, d, and f. What do these letters tell us about electrons?
The shape of the orbital that they travel on.
s = sphere, p = dumbell, d = clover, etc.
Give the shorthand configuration for iodine (I).
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
DAILY DOUBLE!
1) An instrument that uses the energy released by atoms to produce a "line spectrum" that shows us electron location and behavior.
2) Who invented it?
1) Spectrascope
2) Robert Bunsen
The distance (length) between the same spot on adjacent waves.
DAILY DOUBLE!
1) A "packet" of energy (of any kind) released by an atom when electrons drop from excited to ground state.
2) Same as #1, but can be seen as visible light.
1) Quantum
2) Photon
Spin quantum number is symbolized by arrows. What does it mean when 2 arrows are opposite directions on the same blank?
They are paired (spinning opposite)
Give the shorthand orbital notation (arrows) for phosphorus.
[Ne] 3s (up & down arrows) 3p (3 up arrows, no pairs)
This scientist said, "it is impossible to know both the speed and location of an electron at any given time."
Werner Heisenberg
(Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle)
An AM radio station has waves with a wavelength of 100 m. What is the frequency of this energy?
3 x 106 Hz
or
3,000,000 Hz
Name of the atomic model that gives the most accurate description of electron location and behavior.
The Quantum model
Who came up with the Quantum Theory for describing electron location and behavior?
Erwin Schroedinger
This rule for electrons says, "they occupy the lowest energy orbital that will receive them."
The Aufbau principle
The state of lowest energy for an electron (when it is closest to the nucleus).
Ground state
X-Rays have a wavelength of about 1 nanometer (which is 1 x 10-9 m). How much energy do X-Rays possess?
1.99 x 10-16 Joules
This rule for electron configurations says that, "orbitals must be half full of electrons before they pair with each other."
Hund's rule
Magnetic quantum number is symbolized by the letters x, y, and z. What does it tell us about electrons?
The orientation of orbitals in 3-D space.
DAILY TRIPLE!
Give the following for polonium (Po)...
a) shorthand configuration
b) shorthand orbital notation
c) dot notation
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
This rule for electron configurations says that, "no 2 elements have the same configuration."
Pauli Exclusion Prinicple