Introduction
What is spatial resolution?
The measure in which a tool can detect the distance between two objects across space. (Level in which you can see detail)
MRI scans have a ____ spatial resolution than CT scans, and fMRI scans have a _____ temporal resolution than PET scans.
A.) Worse; worse
B.) Worse; better
C.) Better; worse
D.) Better; better
D.) Better; better
What does spatial resolution refer to when discussing the EEG?
What is the temporal resolution of the microelectrode? Spatial resolution?
Temporal: .5-2ms
Spatial: 40 microns
A micron is _____ than a nanometer, and a millimeter is _____ than a micron.
A.) Shorter; longer
B.) Shorter; shorter
C.) Longer; shorter
D.) Longer; longer
D.) Longer; longer
MRI scans have a ____ spatial resolution than fMRI scans.
A.) Worse
B.) Better
C.) Equal
D.) Can't answer because spatial resolution doesn't apply to fMRI since it is a functional image
C.) Equal
What is the spatial resolution of an EEG? Temporal resolution?
Spatial: 10-50mm
Temporal: .5-4ms
What are the main advantages of the microelectrode?
It can isolate a single cell during behavior and it has the highest spatial resolution
Convert 75,000,000,000 mm into scientific notation. How would you display this number in meters?
Scientific notation: 7.5 x 10^-10
In meters: 75,000,000
Which of the following possesses the best temporal resolution?
A.) EEG
B.) PET
C.) fMRI
D.) Microelectrodes
D.) Microelectrode
What are the limitations of the EEG?
Only does cortical recordings, and it doesn't have a great spatial resolution
What are the main disadvantages of the microelectrode?
It damages brain tissue, it's highly invasive, it's difficult to do, expensive, time-consuming.
What is temporal resolution?
The level at which a tool can collect two points of data across time. In terms of FPS, as it increases, so does temporal resolution. This increases the chance of capturing a particular event that occurs in a short time span
Which of the following possesses the best spatial resolution?
A.) EEG
B.) PET
C.) fMRI
D.) CAT
C.) fMRI
Fairly inexpensive, easy to set up and use, can collect brain activity in real time, non-invasive.
How does the microelectrode work? What does it measure?
A port is surgically implanted into the brain and leads to a specific neuron. The researcher must then precisely position the tip of the electrode to isolate a single neuron. The patient stays awake during the procedure and is asked to complete a task/behavior. The electrode records the specific cell/neuron and allows the researcher to see exactly the neuron's function for the behavior anywhere in the brain.
What is electrophysiology? (Give the 3 characteristics that Dr. Gee has on the slide).
1.) Neuroscience field aimed to shed light on the function of neurons 2.) Capitalizes on the electrical signal of the AP, which is a direct measure of brain activity. 3.) Main advantage: Records brain activity in real time, meaning you can precisely align neuronal activity with a particular behavior or cognitive process.
fMRI has a ____ spatial resolution than EEG, and PET has a ____ temporal resolution than fMRI.
A.) Worse; worse
B.) Worse; better
C.) Better; better
D.) Better; worse
D.) Better; worse
How does the EEG work?
Electrodes are placed along an individual's scalp. The electrodes only record activity that is directly below it (which is why spatial resolution is not great, because the area between electrodes is not recorded.) The electrodes can detect the electricity that occurs during the action potential of a neuron, making it a direct measure of neuron activity.
What were the main findings from the monkey studies on the inferior temporal lobe response to texture patterns?
Neurons primarily responded to element size; density was a secondary premise. This study laid groundwork for others to show/study the more complex structures and things we see in the outside world. It laid the building blocks of visual processing. Individual neurons respond to different elements we see visually, and all of the information gets sent to the frontal lobe where it's integrated together.