Calcium
This hormone increases serum calcium levels
What is parathyroid hormone?
What are the kidneys?
The normal range of serum phosphorus
What is 2.3-4.7 mg/dL?
This trace element has a role in the immune system including wound healing and regulating T-cell response
What is zinc?
Calcium and phosphorus are primarily distributed into
What is bone?
A more accurate measure of serum calcium
What is ionized calcium?
Symptoms of hypomagnesemia affect these 3 organ systems
What is neuromuscular system, CNS, and cardiac system?
A function of phosphorus is to form this organic molecule which is a primary energy source for cells
What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
Pregnancy is a risk factor for this trace element abnormality
What is hypozincemia?
This electrolyte abnormality often co-exists with hypomagnesemia
What is hypokalemia?
Responsible for the intestinal absorption of calcium
What is vitamin D?
What is calcitriol?
The serum magnesium level where patients will start to experience symptoms of hypermagnesemia
What is magnesium > 5 mEq/L (5-7 mEq/L)?
Phosphorus less than this level is classified as severe hypophosphatemia
What is phosphorus less than 1 mg/dL?
These patients are at risk for selenium deficiency
What is hemodialysis?
The mechanism by which hypermagnesemia and hyperphosphatemia often exist in chronic kidney disease
What is decreased renal excretion?
Class of diuretics that cause hypercalcemia
What are thiazide diuretics?
A life-threatening arrythmia associated with hypomagnesemia
What is Torsades de Pointes?
What is ventricular fibrillation?
Phosphorus forms an insoluble compound when present with this electrolyte
What is calcium?
This trace element is a cofactor of insulin
What is chromium?
Chvostek's sign is a symptom of this electrolyte abnormality
Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland to lower serum calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity
What is calcitonin?
This condition seen in pregnancy may be a reason to permit hypermagnesemia
What is eclampsia?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can exacerbate this type of phosphorus abnormality
What is hypophosphatemia?
What is selenium?
The three primary electrolyte abnormalities in refeeding syndrome
What is hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and hypophosphatemia?