Calcium
This hormone increases serum calcium levels
What is parathyroid hormone?
What are the kidneys?
The normal range of serum phosphorus
What is 2.3-4.7 mg/dL?
This trace element has a role in the immune system including wound healing and regulating T-cell response
What is zinc?
Calcium and phosphorus are primarily distributed into
What is bone?
A more accurate measure of serum calcium
What is ionized calcium?
A function of phosphorus is to form this organic molecule which is a primary energy source for cells
What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
Pregnancy is a risk factor for this trace element abnormality
What is hypozincemia?
This electrolyte abnormality often co-exists with hypomagnesemia
What is hypokalemia?
Responsible for the intestinal absorption of calcium
What is vitamin D?
What is calcitriol?
The serum magnesium level where patients will start to experience symptoms of hypermagnesemia
What is magnesium > 5 mEq/L (5-7 mEq/L)?
Phosphorus less than this level is classified as severe hypophosphatemia
What is phosphorus less than 1 mg/dL?
This trace element is a cofactor of insulin
What is chromium?
The mechanism by which hypermagnesemia and hyperphosphatemia often exist in chronic kidney disease
What is decreased renal excretion?
Class of diuretics that cause hypercalcemia
What are thiazide diuretics?
Phosphorus forms an insoluble compound when present with this electrolyte
What is calcium?
Chvostek's sign is a symptom of this electrolyte abnormality
Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland to lower serum calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity
What is calcitonin?
A life-threatening arrythmia associated with hypomagnesemia
What is Torsades de Pointes?
What is ventricular fibrillation?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can exacerbate this type of phosphorus abnormality
What is hypophosphatemia?
The three primary electrolyte abnormalities in refeeding syndrome
What is hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and hypophosphatemia?