Chapter 11
The formation of new synapses in the brain is known as what?
Synaptogenesis
This phobia is the term used to describe individuals who have an extreme fear of vomiting
Emetophobia
The method of therapy that asserts clinical symptoms arise from unconscious conflicts rooted in childhood is known as...
psychoanalysis
what is the term used to describe when an individual implicitly mimics and adopts the behaviors, beliefs, and practices of those around them?
conformity
what type of psychological disorder is the most common, regardless of geographical location?
anxiety related disorders
The placenta forms in which developmental stage in utero?
embryonic stage (2 to 8 weeks)
Provide an example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia
-hallucinations
-delusions
-disorganized speech
motivational interviewing, which is a client-centered therapy designed to change specific problematic behaviors, falls under which therapy approach?
humanistic approach
example that includes a large request, followed by a small request
example: I know I want money for my birthday so I decide to ask my dad for $100. When he says no, I ask if he would give me $50 instead and he says yes.
Describe the difference between point prevalence and lifetime prevalence in relation to a psychological disorder?
point prevalence looks at the percent of people in a given population that have a psychological disorder at a specific point in time
lifetime prevalence looks at the percent of people in a given population that have had a psychological disorder at any point in their lives (includes people who had diagnosis and received treatment)
provide an example of a holophrase, which is a component of language development
using one word to convey an entire sentence meaning
A person stays up for 48 hours frantically writing about their proposed cure for cancer, which they randomly thought of while watching a documentary on Netflix. What component of a mood-related disorder is this scenario an example of?
manic episode: Bipolar disorder
what are the three goals associated with behavioral approaches to therapy?
In other words, what do behavioral approaches to therapy aim to accomplish
-eliminating unwanted behavior
-promoting desired behavior
-reducing unwanted emotional responses
Bystander effect
Explain the difference between a sign and symptom for a psychological disorder. Provide an example of each
sign: something that can observed by others
symptom: something that needs to be reported by patient
A child is using mud and sand to make "soup" for their caregiver to enjoy. Which stage of development is this child most likely in?
pre-operational stage
Explain the Diathesis Stress model
-Individuals may have a genetic pre-disposition to a specific psychological disorder (have genes associated with it)
-Some individuals with these genetic will never develop the disorder
-Those who develop the psychological disorder have had an accumulation of too many environmental stressors throughout their life
what are the three differences between psychoanalysis and the current psychodynamic approaches to therapy?
In other words, what makes a psychodynamic approach different from Freud's psychoanalysis
-sessions are less frequent and less intensive
-sessions occur face to face, rather than out of sight
-patients are provided relief for their symptoms, rather than Freud simply identifying them
An adult is confident in themselves when it comes to a relationship, but is often reluctant to grow close to others or depend on others. Which attachment style did this adult likely have when they were younger?
what type of parenting style is this an example of?
A child has many rules that they have to follow throughout the week, including completing weekly chores, being in bed by 7:00 pm each night, and eating 1 cup of veggies with each meal. When problems meeting these expectations arise, the child and parent have open communication and natural consequences for actions are enforced.
Authoritative
(high in demandingness, high in responsiveness)
A child is failing to play with others and explore while at daycare. When his parental figure returns to pick him up, he pushes away when the parent attempts to give him a hug. This is an example of which type of attachment style?
Insecure resistant
Generalized anxiety disorder is diagnosed when an individual has excessive worry accompanied by 3 or more additional symptoms. List 3 additional symptoms that could be present for an individual diagnosed with GAD
-fatigue
-problems concentrating
-restlessness
-irritability
-muscle tension
-sleep disturbance
which form of therapy is the following an example of:
Situation: Some of my friends are going out to dinner this weekend and I wasn't invited
original thought: I was not invited because my friends do not like me
alternative thought: My friends did not invite me because I was talking about how much I had to study for my finals and did not want to stress me out more by inviting me to dinner
cognitive therapy (specifically cognitive restructuring)
Which prosocial behavior is the following an example of:
I am out to dinner with my friend when she realizes that she forgot her credit card to pay for her meal. I decide to place her meal on my card and have no expectation or desire for repayment because she has been so stressed about money lately.
Altruism
Name the three neurotransmitters that are associated with the etiology of mood related psychological disorders
-dopamine
-serotonin