Matter and Elements
what is anything that has mass and takes up space?
matter
What is formed when two or more elements combine in simple whole-number ratios of atoms?
compound
What is an atom that has a positive or negative charge called?
ion
Chemical bonds form between atoms because of the interaction of what?
their electrons
Are hydrogen bonds strong or weak?
Weak
What is matter in its simplest form?
element
What do we call a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds?
molecule
What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
cation
What is the ability of an atom to attract electrons called?
Electronegativity
Do hydrogen bonds form between atoms or between molecules?
Between molecules
What is the smallest form of an element that still displays its particular properties?
atom
True or false — all molecules are also compounds.
false (some, like O2, are not compounds)
What type of ion forms when an atom gains electrons?
anion
What kind of bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
Ionic bond
In a water molecule, what kind of poles are created due to unequal sharing of electrons?
Positive and negative poles (a polar molecule)
What are the two main parts of an atom?
a nucleus (protons and neutrons) and an electron cloud (electrons)
What holds the atoms in a molecule together?
chemical bonds
Why does a cation have a positive charge?
It has more protons than electrons (because it lost electrons)
What kind of bond forms when electrons are shared between atoms?
Covalent bond
In H₂O, which atom has the stronger pull on shared electrons?
Oxygen
What kind of charge does an atom have if it contains an equal number of protons and electrons?
neutral
What do compounds consist of?
Two or more elements combined in simple whole-number ratios of atoms
Why does an anion have a negative charge?
It has more electrons than protons (because it gained electrons)
When two identical atoms share electrons equally, what type of bond is formed?
Nonpolar covalent bond
What causes a hydrogen atom in one molecule to be attracted to a negatively charged area in another molecule?
The molecule’s polarity (the positive hydrogen is attracted to a negative area like oxygen)