Diarrhea
Primary goal of antidiarrheal medications
What is Decrease diarrhea?
A patient presents with drowsiness, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression, hypotension, urinary retention, and flushing, which drug was given to the patient?
Diphenoxylate with atropine / Lomotil
Three Examples of adsorbents
What are activated charcoal, bismuth subsalicylate, and aluminum hydroxide?
Renal disease has been diagnosed with gastritis . Which of the following antacids would the nurse consider as appropriate for this client?
Aluminium Salts
Magnesium Salts
Calcium Salts
Sodium Bicarb
What is Aluminum Salts?
The laxative that the nurse should administer for an Emergency Dept Client who presents with abdominal pain, no bowel sounds and tenderness, no BM x3 days.
NO LAXATITVES until source of pain is established
( must rule out intestional obstruction first )
What does anticholingeric mean?
ANTI-SLUDGE: constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth, dry eye, slowed paristalsis
CSCPCSCS
When is Lomotil contraindicated?
C. Diff
Drug interactions with Adsorbants
What is decreases the absorption of digoxin, quinidine, and hypoglycemic drugs?
You are the nurse administering an H2 antihistamines
supplying bacteria to he GI tract and suppressing the growth of diarrhea causing bacteria
What are the goals of diarrhea treatment?
stopping the frequency
alleviating the abdominal cramps
replenishing fluids and electrolyte
preventing weight loss and nutritional deficits from malabsorption
Adsorbents are used for mild cases.
Anticholinergics and opiates are used for more severe cases.
Probiotics are used for clients with diarrhea caused by antibiotics.
Prolonged diarrhea side effects
What is electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and metabolic acidosis.
Why is atropine added to Lomotil?
to cut the euphoria and decrease the abuse potential and physical dependence
A teenager viral infection has an order bismuth subsaliclyate, why is this contraindicated?
What is Reye's Syndrome where Bismuth subsalicylate is to be used with caution in children and teens who are recovering from a viral illness because it contains aspirin and increases the risk for Reye’s syndrome.
Probiotics help to
What is restore the balance of normal flora and suppress the growth of diarrhea-causing bacteria.
Which category of drugs should be used cautiously in elderly patients or those with decreased bleeding time, clotting disorders, recent bowel surgery, confusion
BONUS: NAME TWO DRUGS
Absorbents: bismuth subsalcylate, activated charcoal, Cholestrymaine
previous hypersensitivity, severe abdominal pain of unknown cause, intestinal obstruction, colitis, and diarrhea associated with a bacterial or parasitic infection.
What are the Contraindications of antidiarrheal medications
Three classes of anti-diarrheals
What is Opioids, adsorbents , bulk forming agents and anticholenergics
Which drug is given in drug overdose? How does it work?
Activated Charcoal; absorbs bacteria
Examples of probiotics
and BONUS NAME 4 sources
What are lactobacillus and saccharomyces boulardii?
Dairy
Fermented food
Guts of animals
Breast Milk
Costco
Two Anticholinergics for tx of diarrhea
What is Atropine and hyoscyamine?
What is Donnatal a combination of?
Combines atropine (drying) + hyoscyamine (antispasmodic) + phenobarbital (sedative) + scopolamine (nausea)
Examples of opiates used to treat diarrhea
What are opium tincture, paregoric, codeine, diphenoxylate with atropine, and loperamide? Only loperamide is available over the counter.
The adsorbant that a nurse considers the client may be on if they present with Blue gums and black stools.
Bismuth salicylates common are Dark stools, metallic taste, blue gums, increased bleeding time
What should be check before administering Culturelle?
history of illness or dietary changes
abdominal assessment: bowel sounds
ability to pass gas
last BM and normal pattern
A patient reports hypotension and impotence, which drug could have caused?
Donnatal