cardiovascular
structure:
thick walls, no valves, high pressure
functional:
Transport oxygenated blood from heart to the body
A function of the respiratory system is to
Deliver Oxygen to the cardiovascular system
Remove carbon dioxide from the body
During a dumbbell curl exercise, the agonist muscle is
Bicep
Identify what FITTSP stand for?
a: Frequency; Interval; Time; Type; Specificity; Progressive Overload
b: Frequency; Intensity; Tempo; Type; Specificity; Progressive Overload
c: Frequency; Intensity; Time; Type; Specificity; Progressive Overload
d: Frequency; Intensity; Technique; Type; Specificity; Progressive Overload
C
Describe the difference between the termsanaerobic and aerobic
anaerobic = no oxygen
aerobic = oxygen present
The main function of the cardiovascular system is to:
A. To digest food
B. To transport blood, oxygen and nutrients around the body
C. To control movement
D. To produce energy for muscle contraction
B
Identify the 2 main location gaseous exchange occurs
At the muscles and alveoli
Looking over your shoulder is an example of what movement
rotation
Identify 3 ways Progressive Overload can be applied
increase the intensity
increase the distance of the work
increase the time of the work (duration)
decrease the amount of rest between sessions
increase the number of repetitions
increase the number of sets
increase the number of sessions per week (frequency)
increase the amount of resistance
increase the range of motion
Provide a sporting example relevant to
1: aerobic system
2: anaerobic glycolysis system:
3: ATP-PC
1. marathon, cycling, etc.
2. 400m sprint, 200m swim, etc.
3. 100m sprint, shotput, 1 rep max weightlifting, etc.
Explain how the cardiovascular system helps the body during physical exercise
The cardiovascular system helps the body during exercise by increasing heart rate and blood flow to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles
Ventilation = ? X ?
tidal volume X respiration
describe 2 characteristics of cardiac muscles
any 2 of
Striated appearance: Cardiac muscles have a striated appearance under a microscope, similar to skeletal muscles.
Continuous contractions: Cardiac muscles are capable of continuous contractions without becoming fatigued, making them suitable for the continuous pumping of blood.
Rich in mitochondria: Cardiac muscles contain a large number of mitochondria, which provide the energy needed for their continuous contractions.
Explain the main differences between interval training, fartlek training, and continuous training
Interval training involves repeated cycles of high‑intensity exercise followed by rest or low‑intensity recovery. Fartlek training is a continuous run where the intensity changes throughout, mixing fast and slow sections based on how the athlete feels. Continuous training is steady, moderate‑intensity exercise performed without stopping for an extended period.
Identify the energy system used and fitness component used in the 60-second sit up test
anaerobic glycolysis
muscular endurance
Explain the purpose of redistribution during exercise
distribute oxygen/blood to the working muscles to produce movement and away from non-essential areas (such as organs)
identify the structure of the respiratory system which air takes when entering the body
nasal cavity
phyarnx
layrnx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoi
Define agonist and antagonist muscles, and explain how they work together during the movement of extending the arm at the elbow.
The agonist is the muscle that contracts to create movement. The antagonist is the complete opposite of that muscle which relaxes and lengthens to allow the movement to happen. When extending the arm at the elbow, the tricep acts as the agonist and contracts, while the bicep acts as the antagonist and relaxes to let the movement occur smoothly.
Aerobic and anaerobic energy systems can be
trained.
Adds variety to a continuous training program
Replicates the change in intensity in some team
games
Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic energy systems, including when each system is mainly used in exercise.
The aerobic energy system uses oxygen to produce energy and is mainly used during long-duration, lower-intensity exercise such as jogging. It produces energy more slowly but can last for a long time.
The anaerobic energy system does not require oxygen and is mainly used during short, high-intensity exercise such as sprinting. It produces energy quickly but causes fatigue faster.
Explain why their oxygen intake remain elevated for several minutes after exercise
To aid with recovery, by breaking down lactic acid
Desrcibe what happens to the body during expiration
Intercostal muscles relax.
Ribs go down and in, diaphragm moves up
Carbon dioxide is breathed out
air moves from high to low pressure
Your muscles already have a mix of both fibre types. However, when you train, you can influence the proportion and characteristics of these fibres.
Elaborate on this statement and provide an example
Muscles contain both slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibres, but training can influence their characteristics. Endurance training increases the efficiency and fatigue resistance of muscle fibres, while strength and power training increases the size and force-producing capacity of fast-twitch fibres. For example, a marathon runner develops muscle fibres that are more resistant to fatigue and better at using oxygen, whereas a sprinter develops more powerful fast-twitch fibres that can generate explosive movements.
Explain the benefits of rests during interval training
Lactate tolerance (medium interval), which is crucial in many sporting pursuits, can be developed.
Interval sessions can be specific to the game, with similar work-to-rest ratios.
Identify how each energy system uses their source to provide energy for movement
aerobic = oxygen to help breakdown carbs and fats
anaerobic glycolysis = glucose quickly broken down
ATP -PC = uses stored ATP-PC for very quick energy bursts in muscles